World J Mens Health.  2021 Jul;39(3):566-575. 10.5534/wjmh.200021.

Evaluation of Age- and Radical-Prostatectomy Related Changes in Male Pelvic Floor Anatomy Based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging and 3-Dimensional Reconstruction

• Tai JW
• Sorkhi SR
• Trivedi I
• Sakamoto K
• Albo M
• Bhargava V
• Rajasekaran MR

• KMID: 2516723
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5534/wjmh.200021

Abstract

Purpose
Puborectalis muscles (PRM) and ischiocavernosus muscles (ICM) play important roles in urinary continence and male erectile functions. Understanding of anatomy and surgical-injury related changes to these muscles is critical to monitor changes in continence or erectile function. Anatomical description of these muscles has undergone revisions because these conclusions were derived from cadavers. Our objectives were to: (i) elucidate male pelvic muscles by in-vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 3-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction of these images and (ii) compare PRM and ICM thickness in healthy volunteers and symptomatic patients.
Materials and Methods
Healthy young male (mean age, 25 years; n=5), older male (age, 65–70 years; n=5), and post-prosta-tectomy patients with erectile dysfunction and urinary incontinence (age, 65–70 years; n=5) were scanned on a 3T-magnetic resonance scanner. Images were acquired from slices above urinary bladder base to urethra entry into penis. Pelvic bone, bladder/urethra, corpus cavernosum, ICM, PRM, and prostate were segmented. 3-D models of each structure were generated and assembled into composite images, and ICM and PRM thicknesses were calculated.
Results
We successfully reconstructed 3-D male pelvic floor anatomy including ICM, PRM, bladder, urethra, bulbospongiosus, corpus cavernosa, prostate and bones from the two groups. We documented significant reduction in PRM and ICM thickness in older men.
Conclusions
This is perhaps the first 3-D reconstruction of male pelvic floor structures based on in-vivo MRI in healthy and symptomatic patients. Observed reduction in PRM and ICM thickness is possibly due to age-related atrophy.

Keyword

Aging; Atrophy; Erectile dysfunction; Urinary incontinence; Urologic surgical procedures