J Nutr Health.  2021 Feb;54(1):116-128. 10.4163/jnh.2021.54.1.116.

Polyphenols in peanut shells and their antioxidant activity: optimal extraction conditions and the evaluation of antiobesity effects

• Gam DH
• Hong JW
• Yeom SH
• Kim JW

• KMID: 2513478
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2021.54.1.116

Abstract

Purpose
The extraction conditions for bioactive components from peanut shells, which is a byproduct of peanut processing, were optimized to enhance the total phenolic content (TPC, Y₁ ), total flavonoid content (TFC, Y₂ ), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity (RSA, Y₃). In addition, this study evaluated the anti-obesity effect of peanut shell extract.
Methods
Optimization of ultrasonic‐assisted extraction (UAE) was performed using a response surface methodology. The independent variables applied for extraction were time (X₁ : 5.0–55.0), temperature (X₂ : 26.0–94.0), and ethanol concentration (X₃ : 0.0%–99.5%). Quadratic regression models were derived based on the results of 17 experimental sets, and an analysis of the variance was performed to verify its accuracy and precision of the regression equations.
Results
When evaluating the effects of independent variables on responses using statistically-based optimization, the independent variable with the most significant effect on the TPC, TFC, and RSA was the ethanol concentration (p = 0.0008). The optimal extraction conditions to satisfy all three responses were 35.8 minutes, 82.7°C, and 96.0% ethanol. Under these conditions, the inhibitory activities of α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase by the extract were 86.4% and 78.5%, respectively.
Conclusion
In this study, UAE showed superior extraction efficiency compared to conventional hot-water extraction in the extraction of polyphenols and bioactive materials. In addition, α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase inhibitory effects were identified, suggesting that peanut shells can be used as effective antioxidants and anti-obesity agents in functional foods and medicines.

Keyword

peanut shell; optimization; polyphenols; antioxidant; obesity