1. Strimbu K, Tavel JA. What are biomarkers? Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2010; 5:463–6.
Article
2. International Programme on Chemical Safety. Biomarkers and risk assessment: concepts and principles [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization;c1993. [cited 2020]. Available from:. http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc155.htm.
3. Mobasheri A. Osteoarthritis year 2012 in review: biomarkers. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2012; 20:1451–64.
Article
4. Watt FE. Osteoarthritis biomarkers: year in review. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2018; 26:312–8.
Article
5. Johnson RJ, Kang DH, Feig D, Kivlighn S, Kanellis J, Watanabe S, et al. Is there a pathogenetic role for uric acid in hypertension and cardiovascular and renal disease? Hypertension. 2003; 41:1183–90.
Article
6. Borges RL, Ribeiro AB, Zanella MT, Batista MC. Uric acid as a factor in the metabolic syndrome. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2010; 12:113–9.
Article
7. Acheson RM, Collart AB. New Haven survey of joint diseases. XVII. Relationship between some systemic characteristics and osteoarthrosis in a general population. Ann Rheum Dis. 1975; 34:379–87.
Article
8. Denoble AE, Huffman KM, Stabler TV, Kelly SJ, Hershfield MS, McDaniel GE, et al. Uric acid is a danger signal of increasing risk for osteoarthritis through inflammasome activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011; 108:2088–93.
Article
9. Ding X, Zeng C, Wei J, Li H, Yang T, Zhang Y, et al. The associations of serum uric acid level and hyperuricemia with knee osteoarthritis. Rheumatol Int. 2016; 36:567–73.
Article
10. Ma CA, Leung YY. Exploring the link between uric acid and osteoarthritis. Front Med (Lausanne). 2017; 4:225.
Article
11. Neogi T, Krasnokutsky S, Pillinger MH. Urate and osteoarthritis: evidence for a reciprocal relationship. Joint Bone Spine. 2019; 86:576–82.
Article
12. Krasnokutsky S, Oshinsky C, Attur M, Ma S, Zhou H, Zheng F, et al. Serum urate levels predict joint space narrowing in non-gout patients with medial knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2017; 69:1213–20.
Article
13. Xiao L, Lin S, Zhan F. The association between serum uric acid level and changes of MRI findings in knee osteoarthritis: a retrospective study (A STROBE-compliant article). Medicine (Baltimore). 2019; 98:e15819.
14. Kim SK, Jung UH, Choe JY. Clinical usefulness of uric acid as a biomarker for knee osteoarthritis: a comparative analysis with plain radiography and musculoskeletal ultrasound. J Rheum Dis. 2020; 27:51–60.
Article
15. Hawker GA. Osteoarthritis is a serious disease. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2019; 37(Suppl 120):3–6.
16. Swain S, Sarmanova A, Coupland C, Doherty M, Zhang W. Comorbidities in Osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2019 Jun 17; [Epub].DOI:
DOI: 10.1002/acr.24008.
Article
17. Choi S, Moon SJ, Kang EJ, Lee KH. Validity of random urinary uric acid-to-creatinine ratio for estimating 24-hour urine uric acid excretion in patients with gout. Ann Rheum Dis. 2018; 77(Suppl 2):664–5.
18. Moriwaki Y, Yamamoto T, Takahashi S, Yamakita J, Tsutsumi Z, Hada T. Spot urine uric acid to creatinine ratio used in the estimation of uric acid excretion in primary gout. J Rheumatol. 2001; 28:1306–10.
19. Kannangara DR, Ramasamy SN, Indraratna PL, Stocker SL, Graham GG, Jones G, et al. Fractional clearance of urate: validation of measurement in spot-urine samples in healthy subjects and gouty patients. Arthritis Res Ther. 2012; 14:R189.
Article
20. Yu KH, Luo SF, Tsai WP, Huang YY. Intermittent elevation of serum urate and 24-hour urinary uric acid excretion. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2004; 43:1541–5.
Article
21. Son CN, Bang SY, Kim JH, Choi CB, Kim TH, Jun JB. Caspase-1 level in synovial fluid is high in patients with spondyloarthropathy but not in patients with gout. J Korean Med Sci. 2013; 28:1289–92.
Article