Investig Clin Urol.  2020 Jan;61(1):75-80. 10.4111/icu.2020.61.1.75.

High-definition ultrasound characterization of acute cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis in the mouse

• Lee TG
• Sanderson
• Doyle P
• Li D
• Wood RW

• KMID: 2466795
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4111/icu.2020.61.1.75

Abstract

PURPOSE
To examine associations if any between changes in voiding function, hematuria, and bladder ultrasonography metrics in murine cyclophosphamide-induced chemical cystitis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Cystitis was induced in 6 female mice by an intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (300 mg/kg). Voiding frequency, void volume, hematuria assessment, and ultrasonographic measurements of the bladder were obtained at baseline, days 1 to 5, and days 9, 11, and 13. Voiding was induced with preferred sweet drinking solution and voiding data collected using an automated data collection system in 135 minute sessions. Bladder wall thickness, lumen volume, and vascular Doppler were acquired using a high definition ultrasound system. Spearman's correlation was used to analyze the association between the voiding changes, hematuria, and ultrasound findings.
RESULTS
Hematuria was present 24 hours after cyclophosphamide injection. All animals displayed increased bladder vascularity, bladder wall thickness, and void frequency that was associated with concurrent decreased total and average void volumes. Increased bladder wall vascularity was correlated with the presence of hematuria (r=0.59, p < 0.01) and bladder wall thickness (r=0.79, p < 0.01). Hematuria correlated with increased void frequency (r=0.34, p < 0.01). Average void volume was negatively correlated with hematuria (r=−0.50, p < 0.01) and frequency (r=−0.38, p < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
High-definition ultrasound imaging permits in vivo monitoring of changes in bladder morphology associated with voiding function in relation to cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis. Ultrasound imaging of the bladder may assist in differential diagnosis of bladder dysfunction.

Keyword

Animals; Cyclophosphamide; Cystitis; Ultrasonography; Urinary bladder

MeSH Terms

Animals
Cyclophosphamide
Cystitis*
Data Collection
Diagnosis, Differential
Drinking
Female
Hematuria
Humans
Injections, Intraperitoneal
Mice*
Ultrasonography*
Urinary Bladder
Cyclophosphamide

Figure

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  Fig. 1 Voiding cage. Metabolic cage and rat grid floor with access to saccharin solution, above sensitive balance. Session recording by high definition camera.

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  Fig. 2 Ultrasound images. B-mode and Doppler ultrasound images from baseline, day 1, day 3, and day 13 from a representative mouse.

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