Ann Coloproctol.
2019 Oct;35(5):242-248. 10.3393/ac.2018.09.06.
Efficacy and Feasibility of Adding Induction Chemotherapy to Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Phase II Clinical Trial
- Nasrolahi
- Mirzaei S
- Mohammadianpanah M
- Bananzadeh AM
- Mokhtari M
- Sasani MR
- Mosalaei A
- Omidvari S
- Ansari M
- Ahmadloo N
- Hamedi SH
- Khanjani N
- Affiliations
-
- 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- 2Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- 3Colorectal Research Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. mohpanah@gmail.com
- 4Colorectal Research Center, Department of Colorectal Surgery, Shahid Faghihi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- 5Colorectal Research Center, Department of Pathology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- 6Medical Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- 7Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- 8Breast Diseases Research Center, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- KMID: 2464338
- DOI: http://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2018.09.06
Abstract
- PURPOSE
Currently, neoadjuvant chemoradiation (CRT) followed by total mesorectal resection is considered the standard of care for treating locally advanced rectal cancer. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and feasibility of adding induction chemotherapy to neoadjuvant CRT in locally advanced rectal cancer.
METHODS
This phase-II clinical trial included 54 patients with newly diagnosed, locally advanced (clinical T3-4 and/or N1-2, M0) rectal cancer. All patients were treated with 3 cycles of preoperative chemotherapy using the XELOX (capecitabine + oxaliplatin) regimen before and after a concurrent standard long course of CRT (45-50.4 Gy) followed by standard radical surgery. Pathologic complete response (PCR) rate and toxicity were the primary and secondary end-points, respectively.
RESULTS
The study participants included 37 males and 17 females, with a median age of 59 years (range, 20-80 years). Twenty-nine patients (54%) had clinical stage-II disease, and 25 patients (46%) had clinical stage-III disease. Larger tumor size (P = 0.006) and distal rectal location (P = 0.009) showed lower PCR compared to smaller tumor size and upper rectal location. Pathologic examinations showed significant tumor regression (6.1 ± 2.7 cm vs. 1.9 ± 1.8 cm, P < 0.001) with 10 PCRs (18.5%) compared to before the intervention. The surgical margin was free of cancer in 52 patients (96.3%). Treatment-related toxicities were easily tolerated, and all patients completed their planned treatment without interruption. Grade III and IV toxicities were infrequent.
CONCLUSION
The addition of induction chemotherapy to neoadjuvant CRT is an effective and well-tolerated treatment approach in patients with rectal cancer.
Keyword
- Full Text Links
-
- Actions
-
Cited
- CITED
-
- Close
- Share
-
- Similar articles
-
- Current approaches in intensification of long-course chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer: a review
- Preoperative Chemotherapy in Advanced Stomach Cancer (Pros)
- Efficacy and safety of sequential neoadjuvant chemotherapy and short-course radiation therapy followed by delayed surgery in locally advanced rectal cancer: a single-arm phase II clinical trial with subgroup analysis between the older and young patients
- Organ Preservation Strategies After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
- Efficacy and Safety of Low-Dose-Rate Endorectal Brachytherapy as a Boost to Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Distal Rectal Cancer: A Phase-II Clinical Trial
