Korean J Intern Med.
2019 Nov;34(6):1363-1371. 10.3904/kjim.2018.187.
Chronic cough, not asthma, is associated with depression in the elderly: a community-based population analysis in South Korea
- Affiliations
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- 1Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
- 2Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- 3Department of Allergy and Immunology, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- 4Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. addchang@snu.ac.kr
- 5Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
- 6Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
- 7Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
- KMID: 2463494
- DOI: http://doi.org/10.3904/kjim.2018.187
Abstract
- BACKGROUND/AIMS
Depression and allergic diseases, including asthma, are frequently reported as comorbid conditions. However, their associations have been rarely examined in community-based elderly populations.
METHODS
The analyses were performed using the baseline data set of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Health and Aging, which consists of 1,000 elderly participants (aged > 65 years) randomly recruited from an urban community. Depression was assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Major and minor depressive disorders were diagnosed by psychiatrists. Allergic conditions were assessed using structured questionnaires, lung function, and skin prick test. Quality of life and comorbidities were assessed using structured questionnaires.
RESULTS
Prevalence of asthma and major depressive disorder were 5.4% and 5.3%, respectively. The rate of depression was not significantly different between the non-asthmatic and asthmatic groups. No correlation was observed between the scores obtained using the depression scales and self-reported asthma. However, chronic, frequent, and nocturnal cough were significantly associated with depression and scores obtained using the depression scales, which remained significant in multivariate logistic regression analyses (chronic cough: odds ratio [OR], 3.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.57 to 12.74; p = 0.04). Rhinitis was independently associated with high Mini-Mental State Examination scores (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.17; p < 0.001) and low 36-item short-form (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.80 to 0.98; p = 0.002).
CONCLUSIONS
Depression may not be significantly associated with asthma and allergic diseases in elderly populations, but cough is a significant factor affecting depression.
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