J Adv Prosthodont.  2019 Oct;11(5):253-261. 10.4047/jap.2019.11.5.253.

Ageing assessment of zirconia implant prostheses by three different quantitative assessment techniques

• Kyaw PP
• Pongprueksa P
• Anuchitolarn W
• Sirinukunwatta K
• Suputtamongkol K

• KMID: 2462108
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4047/jap.2019.11.5.253

Abstract

PURPOSE
To evaluate the influence of cyclic loading on phase transformation of zirconia abutments and to compare the effectiveness of three different quantitative ageing assessment techniques.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Thirty two Y-TZP prostheses fabricated from two brands, InCoris ZI and Ceramill ZI, were cemented to titanium bases and equally divided into two subgroups (n=8): control group without any treatment and aged group with cyclic loading between 20 N and 98 N for 100,000 cycles at 4 Hz in distilled water at 37℃. The tetragonal-to-monoclinic phase transformation was assessed by (i) conventional x-ray diffraction (XRD), (ii) micro x-ray diffraction (µXRD), and (iii) micro-Raman spectroscopy. The monoclinic-phase fractions (M%) were compared by two-way ANOVA.
RESULTS
InCoris Zi presented significantly higher M% than Ceramill Zi in both control and aged groups (P<.001). Both materials exhibited significant phase transformation with monoclinicphase of 1 to 3% more in aged groups than controls for all thre e assessment techniques. The comparable M% was quantified by both µXRD and XRD. The highest M% was assessed with micro-Raman.
CONCLUSION
Cyclic loading produced significant phase transformation in tested Y-TZP prostheses. The micro-Raman spectroscopy could be used as an alternative to XRD and µXRD.

Keyword

Y-TZP ceramics; Cyclic loading; Phase transformation

MeSH Terms

Prostheses and Implants*
Spectrum Analysis
Titanium
Water
X-Ray Diffraction
Titanium
Water

Figure

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  Fig. 1 An implant replica with a titanium base embedded in polyvinyl chloride cylinder (A) without a zirconia abutment (B) with a zirconia abutment and (C) a set up for cyclic loading.

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  Fig. 2 The representative XRD patterns obtained from the surface of zirconia specimens.

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  Fig. 3 µXRD pattern of representative specimens obtained from the surface of zirconia specimens.

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  Fig. 4 The representative micro-Raman spectra obtained from the surface of zirconia specimens.

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  Fig. 5 Micro-Raman spectra obtained from three sequential spots of a cyclically loaded surface.

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  Fig. 6 The Raman spectral images obtained from the cyclic loading area in (A) InCoris ZI (B) Ceramill ZI. The arrows point to the area with strong monoclinic peak intensity.

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  Fig. 7 The representative scanning electron micrographs of Y-TZP abutments: Ceramill ZI control and aged (A and B), InCoris ZI control and aged (C a nd D).

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