Nutr Res Pract.  2019 Jun;13(3):256-262. 10.4162/nrp.2019.13.3.256.

Validity of the dietary reference intakes for determining energy requirements in older adults

• Ndahimana
• Go NY
• Ishikawa-Takata K
• Park J
• Kim EK

• KMID: 2453290
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2019.13.3.256

Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the accuracy of the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) for estimating the energy requirements of older adults, and to develop and validate new equations for predicting the energy requirements of this population group.
MATERIALS/METHODS
The study subjects were 25 men and 23 women with a mean age of 72.2 ± 3.9 years and 70.0 ± 3.3 years, and mean BMI of 24.0 ± 2.1 and 23.9 ± 2.7, respectively. The total energy expenditure (TEE) was measured by using the doubly labeled water (DLW) method, and used to validate the DRI predictive equations for estimated energy requirements (EER) and to develop new EER predictive equations. These developed equations were cross-validated by using the leave-one-out technique.
RESULTS
In men, the DRI equation had a −7.2% bias and accurately predicted the EER (meaning EER values within ±10% of the measured TEE) for 64% of the subjects, whereas our developed equation had a bias of −0.1% and an accuracy rate of 84%. In women, the bias was −6.6% for the DRI equation and 0.2% for our developed equation, and the accuracy rate was 74% and 83%, respectively. The predicted EER was strongly correlated with the measured TEE, for both the DRI equations and our developed equations (Pearson's r = 0.915 and 0.908, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
The DRI equations provided an acceptable prediction of EER in older adults and these study results therefore support the use of these equations in this population group. Our developed equations had a better predictive accuracy than the DRI equations, but more studies need to be performed to assess the performance of these new equations when applied to an independent sample of older adults.

Keyword

Nutritional requirements; energy metabolism; elderly

MeSH Terms

Adult*
Aged
Bias (Epidemiology)
Energy Metabolism
Female
Humans
Male
Methods
Nutritional Requirements
Population Groups
Recommended Dietary Allowances*
Water
Water

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Correlation between the EER predicted by the equations and the TEE measured by the DLW method. (A) DRI equations for EER prediction, (B) our newly developed equations for EER prediction. TEEDLW, total energy expenditure measured by the doubly labeled water method; EERDRI, estimated energy requirement predicted by the DRI equation; EERThis study, estimated energy expenditure predicted by our developed equation.

• 

  Fig. 2 Bland-Altman plots showing the agreement between the EER predicted by the equations and the TEE measured by the DLW method. (A) DRI equation for EER prediction, and (B) our newly developed equation for EER prediction. TEEDLW, total energy expenditure measured by the doubly labeled water method; EERDRI, estimated energy requirement predicted by the DRI equation; EERThis study, estimated energy expenditure predicted by our developed equation.

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