Korean J Intern Med.
2025 May;40(3):427-437. 10.3904/kjim.2024.337.
Fact sheet: nationwide trends in dietary intakes among Korean adults, 2013-2022
- Oh H1,2
- Jo G3
- Kim OY4,5
- Lim H6
- Song S7
- Choi JH8
- Bae JH9
- Jin ES10
- Kim R1,2
- Lee Y11
- Jeong IK
12 - Shin MJ1,13
- on Behalf of the Committee of Nutrition and Public Relation of the Korean Society of Lipid and Atherosclerosis1
- Affiliations
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- 1Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- 2Department of Health Policy and Management, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- 3Institute for BioMaterials, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- 4Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
- 5Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
- 6Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of EastWest Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
- 7Department of Food and Nutrition, Hannam University, Daejeon, Korea
- 8Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
- 9Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- 10Department of Cardiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- 11Department of Food and Nutrition, Myongji University, Yongin, Korea
- 12Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- 13School of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- KMID: 2567646
- DOI: http://doi.org/10.3904/kjim.2024.337
Abstract
- Background/Aims
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the recent nationwide trends in major dietary risk factors for dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis.
Methods
We estimated age-standardized mean intakes of fresh fruits, fresh vegetables, whole grains, dietary fiber, and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs); and mean percentage of energy intake from protein, total fat, saturated fat, and polyunsaturated fat using nationally representative samples from the Korean National Health Examination and Nutrition Survey 2013–2022. To assess overall diet quality, we calculated mean Korean Healthy Eating Index (KHEI) (range 0–100, higher scores indicating greater diet quality).
Results
In 2013–2022, there were overall decreasing trends in age-standardized mean KHEI score and intakes of fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and dietary fiber; and overall increasing trends in mean intakes of SSBs, protein, and dietary fat among both male and female. The KHEI score increased in older adults aged ≥ 60 years, whereas it decreased among younger adults. Throughout the study period, younger adults tended to have lower intakes of fresh fruits, fresh vegetables, and whole grains; higher intakes of SSBs, protein, and dietary fat; and lower KHEI score. The mean KHEI score was lower in male (vs. female) and lower (vs. higher) income groups.
Conclusions
Our data suggest that, from 2013 to 2022, there was a trend toward an unhealthy diet in Korean adults. Our findings also suggest dietary inequalities among age, sex, and income groups, suggesting the need for more intense interventions targeting the vulnerable populations.
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