J Korean Med Sci.  2019 May;34(18):e140. 10.3346/jkms.2019.34.e140.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae Acquisition in an Emergency Intensive Care Unit in a Tertiary Hospital in Korea: a Case-Control Study

• Kang JS
• Yi J
• Ko MK
• Lee SO
• Lee JE
• Kim KH

• KMID: 2445784
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2019.34.e140

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are associated with high mortality rates and their treatment is difficult because treatment is limited to certain antibiotics, such as colistin and tigecycline. We aimed to perform active surveillance culture of CRE (ASC-CRE) to monitor the prevalence of CRE acquisition during intensive care unit (ICU) care and to examine the potential risk factors associated with CRE acquisition.
METHODS
We conducted ASC-CRE on patients who were admitted to the ICU in the emergency room at a tertiary hospital. Rectal swabs were analyzed using methods established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. To detect carbapenemase-producing CRE, a polymerase chain reaction assay to detect five carbapenemase genes (bla(NDM), bla(KPC), bla(VIM), bla(IMP-1), and bla(OXA-48)) was performed.
RESULTS
There were 22 CRE acquisition in 21 patients (2.6%, 21/810) and the incidence of CRE acquisition was 4.3/1,000 person-days, respectively. The most common species detected was Klebsiella pneumoniae (72.7%, 16/22), and 9 carbapenemase-producing CREs (7 bla KPC and 2 bla NDM) were detected. Independent risk factors associated with CRE acquisition were men gender (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 5.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-21.3), history of admission within one year (aOR, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.2-12.1), co-colonization with multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (aOR, 15.6; 95% CI, 3.6-67.8) and extended-spectrum β-lactamases-producing bacteria (aOR, 4.7; 95% CI, 1.5-14.6), and exposure to glycopeptide antibiotics (aOR, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.3-9.9).
CONCLUSION
The identification of patients with risk factors for CRE acquisition and early detection of CRE acquisition using ASC-CRE may be useful for CRE control.

Keyword

Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae; Incidence; Risk Factors; Intensive Care Units

MeSH Terms

Acinetobacter baumannii
Anti-Bacterial Agents
Bacteria
Case-Control Studies*
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
Colistin
Critical Care*
Emergencies*
Emergency Service, Hospital
Enterobacteriaceae*
Humans
Incidence
Intensive Care Units*
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Korea*
Male
Mortality
Odds Ratio
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Prevalence*
Risk Factors*
Tertiary Care Centers*
Anti-Bacterial Agents
Colistin