Ann Rehabil Med.  2018 Feb;42(1):1-7. 10.5535/arm.2018.42.1.1.

Immediate Effects of Mental Singing While Walking on Gait Disturbance in Hemiplegic Stroke Patients: A Feasibility Study

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea. kiranoh@nate.com

Abstract


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the immediate therapeutic effects of mental singing while walking intervention on gait disturbances in hemiplegic stroke patients.
METHODS
Eligible, post-stroke, hemiplegic patients were prospectively enrolled in this study. The inclusion criteria were a diagnosis of hemiplegia due to stroke, and ability to walk more than 10 m with or without gait aids. Each patient underwent structured music therapy sessions comprising 7 consecutive tasks, and were trained to sing in their mind (mental singing) while walking. Before, and after training sessions, gait ability was assessed using the 10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT), the Timed Up and Go test (TUG), gait velocity, cadence and stride length.
RESULTS
Twenty patients were enrolled in the interventions. Following the mental singing while walking intervention, significant improvement was observed in the 10MWT (13.16±7.61 to 12.27±7.58; p=0.002) and the TUG test (19.36±15.37 to 18.42±16.43; p=0.006). Significant improvement was also seen in gait cadence (90.36±29.11 to 95.36±30.2; p < 0.001), stride length (90.99±33.4 to 98.17±35.33; p < 0.001) and velocity (0.66±0.45 to 0.71±0.47; p < 0.002).
CONCLUSION
These results indicate the possible effects of mental singing while walking on gait in patients diagnosed with hemiplegic stroke.

Keyword

Stroke; Music therapy; Gait disorders; Neurologic

MeSH Terms

Diagnosis
Feasibility Studies*
Gait*
Hemiplegia
Humans
Music Therapy
Prospective Studies
Singing*
Stroke*
Therapeutic Uses
Walking*
Therapeutic Uses

Figure

  • Fig. 1 Flowchart of the study design. 10MWT, 10-Meter Walk Test; TUG, Timed Up and Go test.


Reference

1. Kautz SA, Brown DA. Relationships between timing of muscle excitation and impaired motor performance during cyclical lower extremity movement in post-stroke hemiplegia. Brain. 1998; 121(Pt 3):515–526. PMID: 9549527.
Article
2. Wulf G, Shea C, Lewthwaite R. Motor skill learning and performance: a review of influential factors. Med Educ. 2010; 44:75–84. PMID: 20078758.
Article
3. Thaut MH, McIntosh GC, Rice RR. Rhythmic facilitation of gait training in hemiparetic stroke rehabilitation. J Neurol Sci. 1997; 151:207–212. PMID: 9349677.
Article
4. Suh JH, Han SJ, Jeon SY, Kim HJ, Lee JE, Yoon TS, et al. Effect of rhythmic auditory stimulation on gait and balance in hemiplegic stroke patients. NeuroRehabilitation. 2014; 34:193–199. PMID: 24284453.
Article
5. Thaut MH, Leins AK, Rice RR, Argstatter H, Kenyon GP, McIntosh GC, et al. Rhythmic auditory stimulation improves gait more than NDT/Bobath training in near-ambulatory patients early poststroke: a single-blind, randomized trial. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2007; 21:455–459. PMID: 17426347.
6. Thaut MH, Kenyon GP. Rapid motor adaptations to subliminal frequency shifts during syncopated rhythmic sensorimotor synchronization. Hum Mov Sci. 2003; 22:321–338. PMID: 12967761.
Article
7. Verghese J, Buschke H, Viola L, Katz M, Hall C, Kuslansky G, et al. Validity of divided attention tasks in predicting falls in older individuals: a preliminary study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002; 50:1572–1576. PMID: 12383157.
Article
8. Molinari M, Leggio MG, De Martin M, Cerasa A, Thaut M. Neurobiology of rhythmic motor entrainment. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2003; 999:313–321. PMID: 14681155.
Article
9. Satoh M, Kuzuhara S. Training in mental singing while walking improves gait disturbance in Parkinson's disease patients. Eur Neurol. 2008; 60:237–243. PMID: 18756088.
10. Flansbjer UB, Holmback AM, Downham D, Patten C, Lexell J. Reliability of gait performance tests in men and women with hemiparesis after stroke. J Rehabil Med. 2005; 37:75–82. PMID: 15788341.
11. Hayden R, Clair AA, Johnson G, Otto D. The effect of rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS) on physical therapy outcomes for patients in gait training following stroke: a feasibility study. Int J Neurosci. 2009; 119:2183–2195. PMID: 19916847.
Article
12. Andersson AG, Kamwendo K, Seiger A, Appelros P. How to identify potential fallers in a stroke unit: validity indexes of 4 test methods. J Rehabil Med. 2006; 38:186–191. PMID: 16702086.
Article
13. Ng SS, Hui-Chan CW. The timed up & go test: its reliability and association with lower-limb impairments and locomotor capacities in people with chronic stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005; 86:1641–1647. PMID: 16084820.
14. Leow LA, Rinchon C, Grahn J. Familiarity with music increases walking speed in rhythmic auditory cuing. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2015; 1337:53–61. PMID: 25773617.
Article
15. Silva AC, Dos Santos Ferreira S, Alves RC, Follador L, DA Silva SG. Effect of music tempo on attentional focus and perceived exertion during self-selected paced walking. Int J Exerc Sci. 2016; 9:536–544. PMID: 27990220.
16. Karageorghis C, Jones L, Stuart DP. Psychological effects of music tempi during exercise. Int J Sports Med. 2008; 29:613–619. PMID: 18050063.
Article
17. Rossignol S, Jones GM. Audio-spinal influence in man studied by the H-reflex and its possible role on rhythmic movements synchronized to sound. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1976; 41:83–92. PMID: 58771.
Article
18. Suteerawattananon M, Morris GS, Etnyre BR, Jankovic J, Protas EJ. Effects of visual and auditory cues on gait in individuals with Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Sci. 2004; 219:63–69. PMID: 15050439.
Article
19. Kobinata N, Ueno M, Imanishi Y, Yoshikawa H. Immediate effects of rhythmic auditory stimulation on gait in stroke patients in relation to the lesion site. J Phys Ther Sci. 2016; 28:2441–2444. PMID: 27799666.
Article
20. Shin YK, Chong HJ, Kim SJ, Cho SR. Effect of rhythmic auditory stimulation on hemiplegic gait patterns. Yonsei Med J. 2015; 56:1703–1713. PMID: 26446657.
Article
21. Cha Y, Kim Y, Chung Y. Immediate effects of rhythmic auditory stimulation with tempo changes on gait in stroke patients. J Phys Ther Sci. 2014; 26:479–482. PMID: 24764615.
Article
22. Ijmker T, Lamoth CJ. Gait and cognition: the relationship between gait stability and variability with executive function in persons with and without dementia. Gait Posture. 2012; 35:126–130. PMID: 21964053.
Article
23. Wittwer JE, Webster KE, Hill K. Effect of rhythmic auditory cueing on gait in people with Alzheimer disease. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2013; 94:718–724. PMID: 23159787.
Article
24. Hochstenbach J, Mulder T, van Limbeek J, Donders R, Schoonderwaldt H. Cognitive decline following stroke: a comprehensive study of cognitive decline following stroke. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 1998; 20:503–517. PMID: 9892054.
Article
25. Hyndman D, Pickering RM, Ashburn A. The influence of attention deficits on functional recovery post stroke during the first 12 months after discharge from hospital. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2008; 79:656–663. PMID: 17872979.
Article
26. Schaefer RS. Auditory rhythmic cueing in movement rehabilitation: findings and possible mechanisms. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2014; 369:20130402. PMID: 25385780.
Article
Full Text Links
  • ARM
Actions
Cited
CITED
export Copy
Close
Share
  • Twitter
  • Facebook
Similar articles
Copyright © 2024 by Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors. All rights reserved.     E-mail: koreamed@kamje.or.kr