Intest Res.  2019 Jan;17(1):135-143. 10.5217/ir.2018.00085.

Clinical features and outcomes in spontaneous intramural small bowel hematoma: cohort study and literature review

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. j40479@snu.ac.kr
  • 2Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.

Abstract

BACKGROUND/AIMS
Spontaneous intramural small bowel hematoma (SISBH) is an extremely rare complication of anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy. We assessed the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with SISBH according to the anatomical location of the hematoma.
METHODS
From January 2003 to February 2016, medical records for all patients hospitalized for SISBH at 2 tertiary referral hospitals were retrospectively reviewed. The primary outcome was requirement for surgery.
RESULTS
A total of 37 patients were enrolled. The mean age was 74.1 years. Among them, 33 patients (89.2%) were taking anticoagulant and/or antiplatelet agents. Duodenal intramural hematoma was detected in 4 patients (10.8%), jejunal in 16 (43.2%), and ileal in 17 (45.9%). Compared to jejunal and ileal involvement, duodenal intramural hematoma was significantly associated with high Charlson comorbidity index and low levels of white blood cells, hemoglobin, and platelets in the blood. SISBH in the duodenum was related to thrombocytopenia in 3 patients following systemic chemotherapy for malignancy. All patients with SISBH showed clinical improvement with conservative therapy. Mean length of hospital stay was 9.35 days. Independent predictors of a hospital stay of more than 7 days were body weight less than 60 kg (odds ratio [OR], 12.213; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.755-84.998; P=0.011) and a history of cerebrovascular accidents (OR, 6.667; 95% CI, 1.121-39.650; P=0.037).
CONCLUSIONS
Compared to jejunal and ileal involvement, thrombocytopenia may result in spontaneous duodenal intramural hematoma among patients who are treated with systemic chemotherapy for malignancies. Patients with SISBH have excellent clinical outcomes with conservative therapy regardless of the anatomical location of the hematoma.

Keyword

Hematoma; Intestine, small; Treatment outcome

MeSH Terms

Body Weight
Cohort Studies*
Comorbidity
Drug Therapy
Duodenum
Hematoma*
Humans
Intestine, Small
Length of Stay
Leukocytes
Medical Records
Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors
Retrospective Studies
Stroke
Tertiary Care Centers
Thrombocytopenia
Treatment Outcome
Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors

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