Nat Prod Sci.  2018 Dec;24(4):272-283. 10.20307/nps.2018.24.4.272.

Nematicidal Compounds from the Leaves of Schinus terebinthifolius Against Root-knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita Infecting Tomato

• Abdel Bar
• Ibrahim DS
• Gedara SR
• Abdel-Raziq MS
• Zaghloul A

• KMID: 2432423
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.20307/nps.2018.24.4.272

Abstract

The root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita caused a serious damage to many plants. The phenolic components of the leaves of Schinus terebinthifolius were investigated as potential nematicidal agents for M. incognita. Nine compounds were isolated and characterized as viz., 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloyl glucose (1), kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside (Afzelin) (2), quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside (Quercetrin) (3), myricetin (4), myricetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside (Myricetrin) (5), methylgallate (6), protocatechuic acid (7), quercetin (8), and gallic acid (9) using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Compound 1 showed pronounced nematicidal activity compared to Oxamyl as a positive control. It showed the lowest eggs-hatchability (34%) and the highest mortality in nematode population (21% after 72 hours of treatment) at a concentration of 200 µg/mL. It exhibited the best suppressed total nematode population, root galling and number of eggmasses in infected tomato plants. The total carbohydrates and proteins were also significantly induced by 1 with reduction in total phenolics and increase in defense-related proteins. Thus, compound 1 could be a promising, more safe and effective natural nematicidal agent for the control of root-knot nematodes.

Keyword

Meloidogyne incognita; Schinus terebinthifolius; pentagalloyl glucose; nematicidal activity; root-knot nematode

MeSH Terms

Anacardiaceae*
Carbohydrates
Gallic Acid
Glucose
Lycopersicon esculentum*
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Mortality
Phenol
Quercetin
Spectrum Analysis
Tylenchoidea*
Carbohydrates
Gallic Acid
Glucose
Phenol
Quercetin

Figure

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  Fig. 1 Structures of the isolated compounds.

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  Fig. 2 Isolation scheme of compounds 1 – 6 from the aqueous extract left after partitioning of the total MeOH extract using pet.ether, CH2Cl2 and EtOAc, respectively.

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  Fig. 3 Isolation scheme of compounds 4, 6 and 7 – 9 from the ethyl acetate extract.

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  Fig. 4 Impact of treatments with EtOAc extracts and compounds (1, 6, 7), isolated from Shinus terbenthifolius leaves, on egg hatchability of root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita under laboratory conditions.

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  Fig. 5 Impact of treatments with EtOAc extracts and compounds (1, 6, 7), isolated from Shinus terbenthifolius leaves, against larvae of root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita under laboratory conditions.

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  Fig. 6 Impact of compounds 1, isolated from Shinus terbenthifolius leaves, on plant growth response of tomato var. 162 infected with Meloidogyne incognita under greenhouse conditions (27 ± 3℃).

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  Fig. 7 Impact of compound 1 isolated from Schinus terbenthifolius leaves, on the reproduction of Meloidogyne incognita infecting tomato var. 162 grown under greenhouse conditions at 27 ± 3℃. Reproduction factor (RF), Root gall index (RGI) or egg-masses index (EI) were determined according to the scale given by Taylor and Sasser (1978).

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