Ann Rehabil Med.  2018 Apr;42(2):363-367. 10.5535/arm.2018.42.2.363.

Botulinum Toxin-A Injection in the Treatment of Spasticity in a Infantile-Onset Neurodegeneration With Brain Iron Accumulation: A Case Report

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea. cyctaz@hanmail.net

Abstract

Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by iron accumulation in the globus pallidus (GP) of the brain (neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation [NBIA]), which is characterized by dystonia and spasticity resulting in postural difficulties. A 33-month-old boy was admitted with a pronounced gait disturbance. Marked hypertonicity in the patient's both calf muscles was noted, resulting in waddling with repeated slip-falls. NBIA was suspected by high T2 intensity in the GP on brain MRI, then it was confirmed by detecting PANK2 mutation. Botulinum toxin-A injection was administered to both calf muscles. After 2 weeks, a decrease in spasticity and an increase in range of motion were observed, and consequently, an increase in the patient's gait stability with both heels touching the ground, enabling him to walk straight independently. A definitive treatment for NBIA has not been established, and a symptomatic therapy is currently the mainstay of treatment in this case. This is the first case report of botulinum toxin injection for treatment of gait disturbance caused by spasticity in an infantile-onset PKAN.

Keyword

Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA); Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN); PANK2

MeSH Terms

Botulinum Toxins
Brain*
Child, Preschool
Dystonia
Gait
Globus Pallidus
Heel
Humans
Iron*
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Male
Muscle Spasticity*
Muscles
Neurodegenerative Diseases
Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration
Range of Motion, Articular
Botulinum Toxins
Iron

Figure

  • Fig. 1 T2-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging. Arrows indicate bilateral T2 high signal intensity in anteromedial portion of both globus pallidus.


Reference

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