Pediatr Infect Vaccine.  2018 Dec;25(3):156-164. 10.14776/piv.2018.25.e12.

Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of Parainfluenza Virus Type 4 in Korean Children: a Single Center Study, 2015–2017

• Sohn YJ
• Choi YY
• Yun KW
• Choi EH
• Lee HJ

• KMID: 2428253
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.14776/piv.2018.25.e12

Abstract

PURPOSE
We aimed to identify the epidemiology and the clinical characteristics of human parainfluenza virus type 4 (HPIV-4) infection compared to HPIVs 1-3 infections in Korean children.
METHODS
We reviewed medical records of children with HPIV infection who visited Seoul National University Children's Hospital from 2015 to 2017. Detection of respiratory viruses was performed using real time-polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR), which could differentiate HPIVs 1-4. Diagnosis was classified as a febrile illness, upper respiratory tract infection (URI), croup, bronchiolitis, or pneumonia. The epidemiology, demographic features, and clinical characteristics among HPIV types were compared. The clinical data were analyzed only for the previously healthy children.
RESULTS
Of the 472 children diagnosed with HPIV infection, 108 (22.9%) were previously healthy: 24 (22.2%), 19 (17.6%), 39 (36.1%), and 26 (24.1%) in HPIV types 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The median age of children with HPIV-4 infection was 11 (0-195) months: the proportion of children aged < 2 years and 2 to < 5 years were 65.4% and 19.2%, respectively. Clinical diagnoses of HPIV-4 infection were bronchiolitis (38.5%), pneumonia (30.8%), and URI (30.8%). Croup was the most prevalent in HPIV-2 (21.1%) and none in HPIV-4 infection (P=0.026). Hospital admission rates among HPIV types were not significantly different (P> 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
We observed seasonal peak of HPIV-4 infection in 2015 and 2017. HPIV-4 was a common respiratory pathogen causing lower respiratory tract infection in hospitalized children.

Keyword

Parainfluenza Virus 4, Human; Epidemiology; Pneumonia; Bronchiolitis

MeSH Terms

Bronchiolitis
Child*
Child, Hospitalized
Croup
Diagnosis
Epidemiology*
Humans
Medical Records
Parainfluenza Virus 4, Human
Paramyxoviridae Infections*
Pneumonia
Respiratory Tract Infections
Seasons
Seoul

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 The distribution of co-detected respiratory viruses according to PIV 1–4. Abbreviations: PIV, parainfluenza virus; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus.

• 

  Fig. 2 Epidemic pattern of PIV 1–4 infections, 2015–2017. Abbreviations: PIV, parainfluenza virus.

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