J Korean Med Assoc.  2018 Oct;61(10):616-622. 10.5124/jkma.2018.61.10.616.

Causes, diagnosis, and treatment of pediatric osteoporosis

• Lim JS

• KMID: 2426485
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2018.61.10.616

Abstract

Osteoporosis was once thought to be a disease of the elderly. Now, there is universal agreement that osteoporosis has a pediatric origin. If individuals fail to achieve optimal peak bone mass and strength in childhood and adolescence, the development of osteoporosis later in life becomes more likely. Furthermore, increased knowledge and improved care for children with genetic disease and chronic illnesses has led to many children living long enough to develop osteoporosis and fractures even in childhood or adolescence. Thus, early interventions including nutrition, exercise, and pharmacological treatment are paramount. The objective of this review is to help clinicians diagnose and manage children at a high risk of osteoporosis. This article also reviews the latest advances in the treatment of pediatric osteoporosis including Korean experiences.

Keyword

Child and adolescent; Fracture; Osteoporosis; Peak bone mass

MeSH Terms

Adolescent
Aged
Child
Chronic Disease
Diagnosis*
Early Intervention (Education)
Humans
Osteoporosis*

Figure

• 

  Figure 1 Algorithm to prevent osteoporosis in childhood cancer survivors. LTFU, long-term follow-up; GHD, growth hormone deficiency; DXA, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry; BMD, bone mineral density. Reproduced from Kang MJ, et al. Korean J Pediatr 2013;56:60-67, according to the Creative Commons license [20].

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