The Role of Lymphocyte Compartment and Cytokine in Coal Workers Pneumoconiosis

Lee, Jung Yeon; Yoo, Kwang Ha; Ahn, Hae Ryon; Kim, Sung Ryul; Lee, Hae Woon; Ahn, Cheol Min; Kim, Hyung Joong

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Coal-worker's pneumoconiosis(CWP) is characterized by a chronic inflammatory lung reaction associated with macrophage accumulation in the alveolar spaces. CWP is usually divided into two stages : simpl e pneumoconiosis(SP) where there are a limited number of fibrotic lesions remain limited, with radiological opacities smaller than 1cm and progressine massive fibrosis(PMF), which is characterized by the development of a perifocal extensive fibrotix response of the lung and severws alterations in pulmonary function. In this study, the lymphocyte compartment and cytokine were evaluated by measuring the serum levels in the control, SP and PMF groups.
METHODS
The coal workers selected for this study were employees(patients?) of the Tae-Baek and Dong-Hae hospital. All were men, 45-76 years old and the mean duration of their exposure to coal dust was 23.2 years in the lymphocyte compartment and 24.3 years in the cytokine checked group. According to the X-ray examination results, the patients were classified into either one of the SP, PMF categories. The normal controls examnied were 26-70 years old men. The serum cytokine levels were estimated by using an end point enzyme immunoassay technique.
RESULTS
T lymphocyte, helper and suppressor T cells were highly related to pneumoconiosis in this study. A statistically significant decrease in the number of suppressor T lymphocytes was observed in this simple pneumoconiosis patients and at the same time, there was an increase in the lymphocyte index. However, there was no statistically defference in the serum cytokines levels among the SP, PMF and control groups.
CONCLUSION
T lymphocyte, helper T, and suppressor T cells may be highly related to the development of CWP compared to the control group particularly in the early stage of pneumoconiosis. The changes obseved in the immunological system in patients with pneumoconiosis may lie at the bottom of the pathogenesis of fibrosis. Further study is needed to evaluated the lymphocyte compartment as a marker of pneumoconiosis developement in the early stage.