J Adv Prosthodont.  2018 Oct;10(5):388-394. 10.4047/jap.2018.10.5.388.

Digital evaluation of axial displacement by implant-abutment connection type: An in vitro study

• Kim SJ
• Son K
• Lee KB

• KMID: 2422876
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4047/jap.2018.10.5.388

Abstract

PURPOSE
To measure axial displacement of different implant-abutment connection types and materials during screw tightening at the recommended torque by using a contact scanner for two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) analyses.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Twenty models of missing mandibular left second premolars were 3D-printed and implant fixtures were placed at the same position by using a surgical guide. External and internal fixtures were used. Three implant-abutment internal connection (INT) types and one implant-abutment external connection (EXT) type were prepared. Two of the INT types used titanium abutment and zirconia abutment; the other INT type was a customized abutment, fabricated by using a computer-controlled milling machine. The EXT type used titanium abutment. Screws were tightened at 10 N·cm, simulating hand tightening, and then at the manufacturers' recommended torque (30 N·cm) 10 min later. Abutments and adjacent teeth were subsequently scanned with a contact scanner for 2D and 3D analyses using a 3D inspection software.
RESULTS
Significant differences were observed in axial displacement according to the type of implant-abutment connection (P < .001). Vertical displacement of abutments was greater than overall displacement, and significant differences in vertical and overall displacement were observed among the four connection types (P < .05).
CONCLUSION
Displacement according to connection type and material should be considered in choosing an implant abutment. When adjusting a prosthesis, tightening the screw at the manufacturers' recommended torque is advisable, rather than the level of hand tightening.

Keyword

Dental implant; Dental implant-abutment connection; Tightening torque; Axial displacement

MeSH Terms

Bicuspid
Dental Implant-Abutment Design
Dental Implants
Hand
In Vitro Techniques*
Prostheses and Implants
Titanium
Tooth
Torque
Dental Implants
Titanium

Figure

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  Fig. 1 Experimental design for evaluating axial displacement.

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  Fig. 2 (A) Internal and external implant fixtures. (B) Abutment groups, from left to right: Internal connection (INT) type abutment using titanium abutment (IS group); INT-type abutment using zirconia abutment (IZ group); Customized abutment (IC group); external connection type abutment using titanium abutment (ES group).

• 

  Fig. 3 (A) Fabrication of a working model. (B) Screw tightening with an electronic torque driver. (C) Touch probe three-dimensional (3D) scanning after screw tightening. (D) Converting stereolithography data through touch probe 3D scanning.

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  Fig. 4 Process of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) analysis of the scanned abutment using 3D inspection software. (A) Abutment with 10-Ncm tightening. (B) Abutment with 30-Ncm tightening. (C) Splitting of reference data. (D) Process of best-fit alignment. (E) Plane settings for 2D analysis. (F) Specification of the point of the top portion of the abutment in the 2D plane. (G) Two-dimensional analysis with eight points. (H) Three-dimensional analysis of the abutment.

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  Fig. 5 Comparison of mean two-dimensional displacement according to implant connection type.

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  Fig. 6 Comparison of mean three-dimensional displacement (root mean square value) according to implant connection type.

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  Fig. 7 Comparison of the color maps of the four types of abutment through three-dimensional analysis. (A) Internal connection (INT) type abutment using titanium abutment (IS group). (B) INT-type abutment using zirconia abutment (IZ group). (C) Customized abutment (IC group). (D) External connection type abutment using titanium abutment (ES group).

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