Korean J Physiol Pharmacol.  2018 Sep;22(5):597-605. 10.4196/kjpp.2018.22.5.597.

Inhibition of voltage-dependent K⁺ current in rabbit coronary arterial smooth muscle cells by the class Ic antiarrhythmic drug propafenone

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Physiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, Korea. parkws@kangwon.ac.kr

Abstract

In this study, we demonstrated the inhibitory effect of the Class Ic antiarrhythmic agent propafenone on voltage-dependent K⁺ (Kv) channels using freshly isolated coronary artery smooth muscle cells from rabbits. The Kv current amplitude was progressively inhibited by propafenone in a dose-dependent manner, with an apparent ICâ‚…â‚€ value of 5.04±1.05 µM and a Hill coefficient of 0.78±0.06. The application of propafenone had no significant effect on the steady-state activation and inactivation curves, indicating that propafenone did not affect the voltage-sensitivity of Kv channels. The application of train pulses at frequencies of 1 or 2 Hz progressively increased the propafenone-induced inhibition of the Kv current. Furthermore, the inactivation recovery time constant was increased after the application of propafenone, suggesting that the inhibitory action of propafenone on Kv current is partially use-dependent. Pretreatment with Kv1.5, Kv2.1 or Kv7 inhibitor did not change the inhibitory effect of propafenone on the Kv current. Together, these results suggest that propafenone inhibits the vascular Kv channels in a dose- and use-dependent manner, regardless of Na⁺ channel inhibition.

Keyword

Coronary artery; Propafenone; Smooth muscle; Voltage-dependent K⁺ channel

MeSH Terms

Coronary Vessels
Muscle, Smooth*
Myocytes, Smooth Muscle*
Propafenone*
Rabbits
Propafenone

Figure

  • Fig. 1 The inhibitory effect of propafenone on voltage-dependent K+ (Kv) channel currents in freshly isolated rabbit coronary arterial smooth muscle cells. The Kv currents were recorded using 600-ms step depolarizing pulses from −80 to +60 mV at a holding potential of −80 mV in the absence (A) and presence (B) of 10 µM propafenone. (C) The current-voltage (I–V) relationships for the steady-state Kv current in the absence (○) and presence (●) of 10 µM propafenone. n=9. n means cell number isolated from different rabbits. *p<0.05.

  • Fig. 2 Concentration-dependence of propafenone-induced Kv channel blocking. (A) Representative Kv current traces were recorded by 600-ms one-step depolarizing pulses of +60 mV from a holding potential of −80 mV in the presence of 0, 0.1, 1, 3, 10, 30, and 100 µM propafenone. (B) Concentration-dependent curve for the inhibitory action of propafenone on Kv channel currents. The normalized currents were fitted with the Hill equation. All n=13. n means cell number isolated from different rabbits.

  • Fig. 3 Voltage-dependence of the steady-state activation and inactivation of Kv currents. (A) Activation curves in the absence (○) and presence (●) of 10 µM propafenone. Tail currents for the activation curves were obtained by applying short (20–50 ms ms) depolarizing pulses from −80 to +60 mV in steps of 10 mV at a holding potential of −80 mV, and then returned to −40 mV. The recorded currents were normalized to the peak tail current. n=10. n means cell number isolated from different rabbits. (B) Inactivation curves in the absence (○) and presence (●) of 10 µM propafenone. The currents were obtained by a test step to +40 mV after 7-s preconditioning pulses from −80 to +30 mV. The recorded currents were normalized to the peak current elicited by pre-pulses. n=6. n means cell number isolated from different rabbits.

  • Fig. 4 Use-dependent blockage of Kv currents by propafenone. Twenty repetitive depolarizing pulses of +60 mV from a holding potential of −80 mV were applied in the absence (○) and presence (●) of 10 µM propafenone, at frequencies of 1 Hz (A) and 2 Hz (B). The elicited peak currents were normalized by the peak current at first pulse and plotted against the pulse number. n=7. n means cell number isolated from different rabbits. *p<0.05.

  • Fig. 5 Effects of propafenone on recovery time from Kv channel inactivation. The recovery time constant was measured by applying double-step pulses as shown in the inset. The first 150 ms depolarizing pulse of +60 mV from a holding potential of −80 mV was followed by the second (same) pulse with extension of the time interval (from 30 to 7,000 ms). The solid line indicates the recovery kinetics of the Kv current recorded in the absence (○) and the presence (●) of 10 µM propafenone. n=7. n means cell number isolated from different rabbits. *p<0.05.

  • Fig. 6 The involvement of Kv1.5, Kv2.1, and Kv7 subtypes in the propafenone-induced inhibition of Kv channels. The Kv current traces were recorded by one-step depolarizing pulses of +60 mV from a holding potential of −80 mV. (A) Superimposed Kv currents under control, in the presence of 1 µM DPO-1, and in the presence of 10 µM propafenone+1 µM DPO-1. (B) Summary of panel (A). n=5. n means cell number isolated from different rabbits. *p<0.05. (C) Representative Kv currents under control, in the presence of 30 nM guangxitoxin, and in the presence of 10 µM propafenone+30 nM guangxitoxin. (D) Summary of panel (C). n=5. n means cell number isolated from different rabbits. *p<0.05. (E) Kv current traces under control, in the presence of 10 µM linopirdine, and in the presence of 10 µM propafenone+10 µM linopirdine. (F) Summary of panel (E). n=5. n means cell number isolated from different rabbits. *p<0.05.


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