J Dent Anesth Pain Med.  2018 Feb;18(1):1-8. 10.17245/jdapm.2018.18.1.1.

The effect of pre- and after-treatment of sevoflurane on central ischemia tolerance and the underlying mechanisms

• Xu H
• Mei XP
• Xu LX

• KMID: 2405377
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.17245/jdapm.2018.18.1.1

Abstract

In recent years, with continuous research efforts targeted at studying the effects of pre- and after-treatment of inhaled anesthetics, significant progress has been made regarding the common clinical use of low concentrations of inhaled sevoflurane and its effect on induced central ischemia tolerance by pre- and post-treatment. In this study, we collected, analyzed, classified, and summarized recent literature regarding the effect of sevoflurane on central ischemia tolerance and its related mechanisms. In addition, we provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of sevoflurane to protect the central nervous system and other important organs against ischemic injury.

Keyword

Central Nervous System; Ischemia; Sevoflurane; Tolerance

MeSH Terms

Anesthetics
Central Nervous System
Ischemia*
Anesthetics

Reference

1. Wang H, Shi H, Yu Q, Chen J, Zhang F, Gao Y. Sevoflurane preconditioning confers neuroprotection via anti-apoptosis effects. Acta Neurochir Suppl. 2016; 121:55–61.

2. Chen Y, Nie H, Tian L, Tong L, Deng J, Zhang Y, et al. Sevoflurane preconditioning-induced neuroprotection is associated with Akt activation via carboxy-terminal modulator protein inhibition. Br J Anaesth. 2015; 114:327–335.

3. Li X, Luo P, Wang F, Yang Q, Li Y, Zhao M, et al. Inhibition of N-myc downstream-regulated gene-2 is involved in an astrocyte-specific neuroprotection induced by sevoflurane preconditioning. Anesthesiology. 2014; 121:549–562.

4. Hu X, Zhang Y, Li W, Liu J, Li Y. Preconditioning with sevoflurane ameliorates spatial learning and memory deficit after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Int J Dev Neurosci. 2013; 31:328–333.

5. Yang Q, Yan W, Li X, Hou L, Dong H, Wang Q, et al. Activation of canonical notch signaling pathway is involved in the ischemic tolerance induced by sevoflurane preconditioning in mice. Anesthesiology. 2012; 117:996–1005.

6. Bedirli N, Bagriacik EU, Emmez H, Yilmaz G, Unal Y, Ozkose Z. Sevoflurane and isoflurane preconditioning provides neuroprotection by inhibition of apoptosis-related mRNA expression in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 2012; 24:336–344.

7. Wang J, Lei B, Popp S, Meng F, Cottrell JE, Kass IS. Sevoflurane immediate preconditioning alters hypoxic membrane potential changes in rat hippocampal slices and improves recovery of CA1 pyramidal cells after hypoxia and global cerebral ischemia. Neuroscience. 2007; 145:1097–1107.

8. Li XQ, Cao XZ, Wang J, Fang B, Tan WF, Ma H. Sevoflurane preconditioning ameliorates neuronal deficits by inhibiting microglial MMP-9 expression after spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion in rats. Mol Brain. 2014; 7:69.

9. Zheng SQ, Chen X, Wang YJ, An LX. Effects of sevoflurane on brain neuroapoptosis and ability of long-term learning and memory in newborn rats. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2015; 47:674–678.

10. Zhu MH, Yan M. Advances in the study of cell signaling pathways and downstream effectors in volatile anesthetic postconditioning-induced cardioprotection. Int J Anesth Resu. 2013; 34:l77–l81.

11. Li B, Sun J, Lv G, Yu Y, Wang G, Xie K, et al. Sevoflurane postconditioning attenuates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via protein kinase B/nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathway activation. Int J Dev Neurosci. 2014; 38:79–86.

12. Yu YB, Jia D. Sevoflurane postconditioning protects against focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via extracellular signa ling-regulated kinase 1/2 pathway. Int J Anesth Resu. 2014; 35:6794–6583.

13. Jeon YT, Hwang JW, Lim YJ, Kim AN, Park HP. A combination of sevoflurane postconditioning and albumin increases Bcl-2 expression after transient global cerebral ischemia compared with either sevoflurane postconditioning or albumin alone. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 2013; 25:43–50.

14. Wang JK, Yu LN, Zhang FJ, Yang MJ, Yu J, Yan M, et al. Postconditioning with sevoflurane protects against focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury via PI3K/Akt pathway. Brain Res. 2010; 1357:142–151.

15. Peng S, Kalikiri P, Mychaskiw G 2nd, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Liu GJ, et al. Sevoflurane postconditioning ameliorates oxygen-glucose deprivation-reperfusion injury in the rat hippocampus. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2011; 17:605–611.

16. Deng B, Xu H, Zhang J, Wang J, Han LC, Li LY, et al. Neuroprotective effects of sevoflurane against electromagnetic pulse-induced brain injury through inhibition of neuronal oxidative stress and apoptosis. PLoS One. 2014; 9:e91019.

17. Restin T, Kajdi ME, Schlapfer M, Roth Z'graggen B, Booy C, Dumrese C, et al. Sevoflurane protects rat brain endothelial barrier structure and function after hypoxiareoxygenation injury. PLoS One. 2017; 12:e0184973.

18. Bundgaard H, von Oettingen G, Larsen KM, Landsfeldt U, Jensen KA, Nielsen E, et al. Effects of sevoflurane on intracranial pressure, cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolism. A dose-response study in patients subjected to craniotomy for cerebral tumours. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1998; 42:621–627.

19. Zhang Y, Zhang FG, Meng C, Tian SY, Wang YX, Zhao W, et al. Inhibition of sevoflurane postconditioning against cerebral ischemia reperfusion-induced oxidative injury in rats. Molecules. 2011; 17:341–354.

20. Reinsfelt B, Westerlind A, Ricksten SE. The effects of sevoflurane on cerebral blood flow autoregulation and flow-metabolism coupling during cardiopulmonary bypass. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2011; 55:118–123.

21. Liu G, Wang T, Wang T, Song J, Zhou Z. Effects of apoptosis-related proteins caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2 on cerebral ischemia rats. Biomed Rep. 2013; 1:861–867.

22. Quirk SM. Apoptosis : a technical overview. Methods Mol Med. 2001; 39:651–658.

23. Liu HG, Hua Z, Zhang Y, Wang YX, Meng C, Liang Y, et al. Effect of Sevoflurane postconditioning on gene expression in brain tissue of the middle cerebral artery occlusion rat model. Mol Biol Rep. 2012; 39:10505–10513.

24. Shichiri M. The role of lipid peroxidation in neurological disorders. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2014; 54:151–160.

25. Yang Q, Dong H, Deng J, Wang Q, Ye R, Li X, et al. Sevoflurane preconditioning induces neuroprotection through reactive oxygen species-mediated up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes in rats. Anesth Analg. 2011; 112:931–937.

26. Wang Q, Chen Q, Ding Q, Yang Q, Peng Y, Lu Y, et al. Sevoflurane postconditioning attenuates spinal cord reperfusion injury through free radicals-mediated upregulation of antioxidant enzymes in rabbits. J Surg Res. 2011; 169:292–300.

27. Lee H, Park YH, Jeon YT, Hwang JW, Lim YJ, Kim E, et al. Sevoflurane post-conditioning increases nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor and haemoxygenase-1 expression via protein kinase C pathway in a rat model of transient global cerebral ischaemia. Br J Anaesth. 2015; 114:307–318.

28. Phillis JW, O'Regan MH. Characterization of modes of release of amino acids in the ischemic/reperfused rat cerebral cortex. Neurochem Int. 2003; 43:461–467.

29. Zhang HJ, Wang ZP, Hu SQ, Xu M, Jiang S. Neuroprotection of sevoflurane against the ischemia injury in hippocampal slices of rat. Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi. 2008; 24:426–429.

30. Wang WY, Wang H, Luo Y, Jia LJ, Zhao JN, Zhang HH, et al. The effects of metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 allosteric agonist N,N′-dibenzhydrylethane-1,2-diamine dihydrochloride on developmental sevoflurane neurotoxicity: role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Neuroscience. 2012; 205:167–177.

31. Ye Z, Guo Q, Wang N, Xia P, Yuan Y, Wang E. Delayed neuroprotection induced by sevoflurane via opening mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels and p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Neurol Sci. 2012; 33:239–249.

32. Velly LJ, Canas PT, Guillet BA, Labrande CN, Masmejean FM, Nieoullon AL, et al. Early anesthetic preconditioning in mixed cortical neuronal-glial cell cultures subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation: the role of adenosine triphosphate dependent potassium channels and reactive oxygen species in sevoflurane-induced neuroprotection. Anesth Analg. 2009; 108:955–963.

33. Adamczyk S, Robin E, Simerabet M, Kipnis E, Tavernier B, Vallet B, et al. Sevoflurane pre- and post-conditioning protect the brain via the mitochondrial K ATP channel. Br J Anaesth. 2010; 104:191–200.

34. Wang JK, Wu HF, Zhou H, Yang B, Liu XZ. Postconditioning with sevoflurane protects against focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury involving mitochondrial ATP-dependent potassium channel and mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Neurol Res. 2015; 37:77–83.

35. Ye Z, Guo Q, Xia P, Wang N, Wang E, Yuan Y. Sevoflurane postconditioning involves an up-regulation of HIF-1alpha and HO-1 expression via PI3K/Akt pathway in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia. Brain Res. 2012; 1463:63–74.

36. Hwang JW, Jeon YT, Lim YJ, Park HP. Sevoflurane Postconditioning-Induced Anti-Inflammation via Inhibition of the Toll-Like Receptor-4/Nuclear Factor Kappa B Pathway Contributes to Neuroprotection against Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia in Rats. Int J Mol Sci. 2017; 18:E2347.

37. Seo JH, Park HP, Jeon YT, Lim YJ, Nam K, Hwang JW. Combined treatment with celecoxib and sevoflurane after global cerebral ischaemia has no additive neuroprotective effects in rats. Br J Anaesth. 2013; 110:988–995.