J Nutr Health.  2017 Dec;50(6):585-594. 10.4163/jnh.2017.50.6.585.

Nutrient intake and dietary quality of Korean adults according to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): Based on the 2012~2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

• Kang BM
• Park HR
• Lee YM
• Song KH

• KMID: 2401015
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2017.50.6.585

Abstract

PURPOSE
Food intake of COPD patients decreases because of appetite loss, depression, and breathing problems while eating, which increase the likelihood of patients becoming malnourished. This study investigated the nutrient intake and dietary quality of people with and without COPD in Korea.
METHODS
There were 2,160 adults aged 50 and over who participated in the 5~6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The subjects were divided into the COPD group and non-COPD group according to the rate of forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV1) against forced vital capacity (FVC). Consumption of food and nutrients were calculated based on the nutrition examination survey. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 19.0.
RESULTS
Among individuals in their 50s, intake of vitamin B1 in the COPD group was significantly less than the NCOPD group, while intake of sodium in the COPD group was significantly greater than the NCOPD group. Among individuals in their 60s, the energy intake of the COPD group was significantly less than that of the NCOPD group. The COPD group showed significantly less intake of vitamin B1 and vitamin C, but greater intake of sodium than the NCOPD group. In the group aged 70 and over, The COPD group had significantly less intake of vitamin B1 than the NCOPD group and showed lower nutrient adequacy ratio values in protein, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and iron than the NCOPD group.
CONCLUSION
The COPD group consumed less energy and certain nutrients, and their dietary quality was poor compared to the NCOPD group. Thus, more detailed research is required to understand the concrete relationship between COPD and malnutrition.

Keyword

COPD; food intake; nutritional status; malnutrition; KNHANES

MeSH Terms

Adult*
Appetite
Ascorbic Acid
Depression
Eating
Energy Intake
Forced Expiratory Volume
Humans
Iron
Korea*
Malnutrition
Nutrition Surveys*
Nutritional Status
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive*
Respiration
Riboflavin
Sodium
Thiamine
Vital Capacity
Ascorbic Acid
Iron
Riboflavin
Sodium
Thiamine

Reference

1. The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases. Guideline of COPD 2014. Revised edition [Internet]. Seoul: The Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases;2016. cited 2016 Nov 4. Available from: http://www.lungkorea.org/bbs/index.html.

2. World Health Organization. Burden of COPD [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization;2014. cited 2016 Nov 4. Available from: http://www.who.int/respiratory/copd/burden/en/.

3. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The analysis result of 2014 National Health and Nutrition Survey data [Internet]. Cheongju: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;2015. cited 2016 Nov 4. Available from: https://knhanes.cdc.go.kr/knhanes/index.do.

4. Lee KH. Nutritional management in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Yeungnam Univ J Med. 2004; 21(2):133–142.

5. Grönberg AM, Slinde F, Engström CP, Hulthén L, Larsson S. Dietary problems in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2005; 18(6):445–452.

6. Schols AM, Buurman WA, Staal van den Brekel AJ, Dentener MA, Wouters EF. Evidence for a relation between metabolic derangements and increased levels of inflammatory mediators in a subgroup of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax. 1996; 51(8):819–824.

7. Openbrier DR, Irwin MM, Rogers RM, Gottlieb GP, Dauber JH, Van Thiel DH, Pennock BE. Nutritional status and lung function in patients with emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Chest. 1983; 83(1):17–22.

8. Hallin R, Gudmundsson G, Suppli Ulrik C, Nieminen MM, Gislason T, Lindberg E, Brøndum E, Aine T, Bakke P, Janson C. Nutritional status and long-term mortality in hospitalised patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Respir Med. 2007; 101(9):1954–1960.

9. Laudisio A, Costanzo L, Di Gioia C, Delussu AS, Traballesi M, Gemma A, Antonelli Incalzi R. Dietary intake of elderly outpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2016; 64:75–81.

10. Cochrane WJ, Afolabi OA. Investigation into the nutritional status, dietary intake and smoking habits of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2004; 17(1):3–11.

11. Whittaker JS, Ryan CF, Buckley PA, Road JD. The effects of refeeding on peripheral and respiratory muscle function in malnourished chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1990; 142(2):283–288.

12. Keranis E, Makris D, Rodopoulou P, Martinou H, Papamakarios G, Daniil Z, Zintzaras E, Gourgoulianis KI. Impact of dietary shift to higher-antioxidant foods in COPD: a randomised trial. Eur Respir J. 2010; 36(4):774–780.

13. Heyland DK, Dhaliwal R, Suchner U, Berger MM. Antioxidant nutrients: a systematic review of trace elements and vitamins in the critically ill patient. Intensive Care Med. 2005; 31(3):327–337.

14. Cai B, Zhu Y, Ma Y, Xu Z, Zao Y, Wang J, Lin Y, Comer GM. Effect of supplementing a high-fat, low-carbohydrate enteral formula in COPD patients. Nutrition. 2003; 19(3):229–232.

15. Moon HK, Kong JE. Assessment of nutrient intake for middle aged with and without metabolic syndrome using 2005 and 2007 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey. Korean J Nutr. 2010; 43(1):69–78.

16. Pauwels RA, Buist AS, Calverley PM, Jenkins CR, Hurd SS. GOLD Scientific Committee. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. NHLBI/WHO Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Workshop summary. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001; 163(5):1256–1276.

17. Korean Society for the Study of Obesity. Guideline of obesity 2012 [Internet]. Seoul: Korean Society for the Study of Obesity;2012. cited 2017 Feb 17. Available from: http://www.kosso.or.kr/general/board/list.html?num=72&start=0&sort=count%20asc&code=general_03&key=&keyword=.

18. Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem. 1972; 18(6):499–502.

19. Hansen RG. An index of food quality. Nutr Rev. 1973; 31(1):1–7.

20. Kim DS, Kim YS, Jung KS, Chang JH, Lim CM, Lee JH, Uh ST, Shim JJ, Lew WJ. Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases. Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Korea: a population-based spirometry survey. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005; 172(7):842–847.

21. Gan WQ, FitzGerald JM, Carlsten C, Sadatsafavi M, Brauer M. Associations of ambient air pollution with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease hospitalization and mortality. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013; 187(7):721–727.

22. Jung IS, Jung IK. Effects of smoking status on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease prevalence in males 40 years and older: findings from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Korean J Health Promot. 2014; 14(4):155–161.

23. Rochester DF, Braun NM. Determinants of maximal inspiratory pressure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1985; 132(1):42–47.

24. Schols AM, Soeters PB, Mostert R, Pluymers RJ, Wouters EF. Physiologic effects of nutritional support and anabolic steroids in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A placebo-controlled randomized trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995; 152(4 Pt 1):1268–1274.

25. The Korean Society of Hypertension. Guideline of hypertension 2013 [Internet]. Seoul: The Korean Society of Hypertension;2013. cited 2017 Feb 17. Available from: http://14.63.223.46/bbs/content_view?post_num=4&bbs=guideline.

26. Fabbri LM, Luppi F, Beghé B, Rabe KF. Complex chronic comorbidities of COPD. Eur Respir J. 2008; 31(1):204–212.

27. The Korean Society of Lipidology and Atherosclerosis. Guideline of dyslipidemia [Internet]. Seoul: The Korean Society of Lipidology and Atherosclerosis;2015. cited 2016 Nov 16. Available from: http://www.lipid.or.kr/bbs/index.html.

28. Zafirova-Ivanovska B, Stojkovikj J, Dokikj D, Anastasova S, Debresliovska A, Zejnel S, Stojkovikj D. The level of cholesterol in COPD patients with severe and very severe stage of the disease. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2016; 4(2):277–282.

29. Korean Diabetes Association. Treatment guideline for diabetes 2015 [Internet]. Seoul: Korean Diabetes Association;2015. cited 2017 Feb 17. Available from: http://www.diabetes.or.kr/pro/publish/guide.php?code=guide&mode=view&number=625.

30. Lee H, Kim S, Lim Y, Gwon H, Kim Y, Ahn JJ, Park HK. Nutritional status and disease severity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2013; 56(3):518–523.

31. Ministry of Health and Welfare (KR). The Korean Nutrition Society. Dietary reference intakes for Koreans 2015. Sejong: Ministry of Health and Welfare;2016.

32. Park YM, Yoon HI, Sohn C, Choue R. Nutritional status of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients according to the severity of disease. Korean J Nutr. 2008; 41(4):307–316.

33. Fåk F, Jakobsdottir G, Kulcinskaja E, Marungruang N, Matziouridou C, Nilsson U, Stålbrand H, Nyman M. The physico-chemical properties of dietary fibre determine metabolic responses, short-chain fatty acid profiles and gut microbiota composition in rats fed low- and high-fat diets. PLoS One. 2015; 10(5):e0127252.

34. World Health Organization. Sodium intake for adults and children: guideline [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization;2012. cited 2016 Nov 4. Available from: http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/guidelines/sodium_intake/en/.

35. Yoo KH, Kim YS, Sheen SS, Park JH, Hwang YI, Kim SH, Yoon HI, Lim SC, Park JY, Park SJ, Seo KH, Kim KU, Oh YM, Lee NY, Kim JS, Oh KW, Kim YT, Park IW, Lee SD, Kim SK, Kim YK, Han SK. Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Korea: the fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2008. Respirology. 2011; 16(4):659–665.

36. Altose MD. Approaches to slowing the progression of COPD. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2003; 9(2):125–130.