J Clin Neurol.  2018 Jan;14(1):29-34. 10.3988/jcn.2018.14.1.29.

Different Associations of Plasma Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease, Mild Cognitive Impairment, Vascular Dementia, and Ischemic Stroke

• Shang J
• Yamashita
• Fukui Y
• Song D
• Li X
• Zhai Y
• Nakano Y
• Morihara R
• Hishikawa
• Ohta Y
• Abe K

• KMID: 2399596
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3988/jcn.2018.14.1.29

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Cognitive and cerebrovascular diseases are common in the elderly, but differences in the plasma levels and associations of plasma biomarkers in these diseases remain elusive.
METHODS
The present study investigated differences in plasma fatty acids [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)], adiponectin, reptin, plasma markers of inflammation [high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and serum amyloid A (serum AA)], and plasma lipids [high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)] in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) (n=266), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n=44), vascular dementia (VaD) (n=33), and ischemic stroke (IS) (n=200) in comparison to normal controls (n=130).
RESULTS
The serological data showed that lower EPA and DHA levels and higher reptin and LDL levels were associated with AD and IS, the reptin/adiponectin ratio was strongly associated with IS, the hsCRP level was more strongly associated with VaD and IS, and the serum AA level was associated with all three cognitive diseases and IS.
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first report of differences in the expression levels of plasma biomarkers and peripheral arterial tonometry among AD, MCI, VaD, and IS patients and normal controls. These different associations indicate that diverse pathological mechanisms underlie these diseases.

Keyword

Alzheimer's disease; ischemic stroke; mild cognitive impairment; plasma biomarker; vascular dementia

MeSH Terms

Adiponectin
Aged
Alzheimer Disease*
Biomarkers*
C-Reactive Protein
Cerebrovascular Disorders
Dementia, Vascular*
Fatty Acids
Humans
Inflammation
Lipoproteins
Manometry
Mild Cognitive Impairment*
Plasma*
Serum Amyloid A Protein
Stroke*
Adiponectin
Biomarkers
C-Reactive Protein
Fatty Acids
Lipoproteins
Serum Amyloid A Protein

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Plasma fatty-acid levels in the normal controls and the four disease groups: AD, MCI, VaD, and IS. Intergroup comparisons of EPA (A) and DHA (B) levels. *p<0.05, †p<0.01 vs. normal. AD: Alzheimer's disease, DHA: docosahexaenoic acid, EPA: eicosapentaenoic acid, IS: ischemic stroke, MCI: mild cognitive impairment, VaD: vascular dementia.

• 

  Fig. 2 Comparison of reptin (A), adiponectin (B), and reptin/adiponectin ratio (C) levels in the normal controls and the four disease groups. *p<0.05, †p<0.01 vs. normal, ‡p<0.05, §p<0.01 within the disease groups. AD: Alzheimer's disease, IS: ischemic stroke, MCI: mild cognitive impairment, VaD: vascular dementia.

• 

  Fig. 3 Levels of plasma markers of inflammation in the normal controls and the four disease groups. Intergroup comparisons of hsCRP (A) and serum AA (B) levels. *p<0.01 vs. normal; †p<0.05 within the disease groups. AD: Alzheimer's disease, hsCRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, IS: ischemic stroke, MCI: mild cognitive impairment, serum AA: serum amyloid A, VaD: vascular dementia.

• 

  Fig. 4 Plasma lipid levels in the normal controls and the four disease groups. Intergroup comparisons of HDL (A) and LDL (B) levels. *p<0.05, †p<0.01 vs. normal, ‡p<0.05 within disease groups. AD: Alzheimer's disease, HDL: high-density lipoprotein, IS: ischemic stroke, LDL: low-density lipoprotein, MCI: mild cognitive impairment, VaD: vascular dementia.

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