Investig Clin Urol.  2018 Jan;59(1):32-37. 10.4111/icu.2018.59.1.32.

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for analysis of kidney stones

• Khan AH
• Imran S
• Talati J
• Jafri L

• KMID: 2399262
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4111/icu.2018.59.1.32

Abstract

PURPOSE
To compare the results of a chemical method of kidney stone analysis with the results of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Kidney stones collected between June and October 2015 were simultaneously analyzed by chemical and FT-IR methods.
RESULTS
Kidney stones (n=449) were collected from patients from 1 to 81 years old. Most stones were from adults, with only 11.5% from children (aged 3-16 years) and 1.5% from children aged < 2 years. The male to female ratio was 4.6. In adults, the calcium oxalate stone type, calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM, n=224), was the most common crystal, followed by uric acid and calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD, n=83). In children, the most frequently occurring type was predominantly COD (n=21), followed by COM (n=11), ammonium urate (n=10), carbonate apatite (n=6), uric acid (n=4), and cystine (n=1). Core composition in 22 stones showed ammonium urate (n=2), COM (n=2), and carbonate apatite (n=1) in five stones, while uric acid crystals were detected (n=13) by FT-IR. While chemical analysis identified 3 stones as uric acid and the rest as calcium oxalate only. Agreement between the two methods was moderate, with a kappa statistic of 0.57 (95% confidence interval, 0.5-0.64). Disagreement was noted in the analysis of 77 stones.
CONCLUSIONS
FT-IR analysis of kidney stones can overcome many limitations associated with chemical analysis.

Keyword

Analytical techniques; Spectroscopy, near-infrared; Urinary calculi

MeSH Terms

Adult
Ammonium Compounds
Calcium Oxalate
Carbon
Child
Cystine
Female
Fourier Analysis*
Humans
Kidney Calculi*
Kidney*
Male
Methods
Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared*
Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared
Spectrum Analysis
Uric Acid
Urinary Calculi
Calcium Oxalate
Carbon
Cystine
Uric Acid

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