Diabetes Metab J.  2017 Dec;41(6):486-491. 10.4093/dmj.2017.41.6.486.

Prediction of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnant Korean Women Based on Abdominal Subcutaneous Fat Thickness as Measured by Ultrasonography

• Yang SH
• Kim C
• An HS
• An H
• Lee JS

• KMID: 2398089
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2017.41.6.486

Abstract

BACKGROUND
This study was performed to verify the correlation between abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness (ASFT) measured by ultrasonography (US) during the first trimester of pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) of the second trimester in Korean women and to establish a standard of ASFT for predicting GDM.
METHODS
A total of 333 singleton pregnant women participated in this study. Their ASFT was measured by US during the 10+6 to 13+6 weeks of pregnancy; then a GDM confirmatory test (100 g oral glucose tolerance test) was conducted during the 24 to 28 week period of pregnancy. Based on the GDM tests, comparative analyses of the ages of the subjects, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), and weight gain during pregnancy were conducted.
RESULTS
The ages of the subjects and weight gains during pregnancy were not correlated to the GDM of the second trimester of pregnancy, but the pre-pregnancy BMIs (22±3.3 kg/m²) and the ASFT (1.9±0.5 cm) measurements between the control group and subjects during the first trimester of pregnancy were found to show significant differences (P < 0.001). The cut-off value of the ASFT for predicting GDM was determined to be 2.4 cm (area under the curve=0.90, sensitivity 75.61%, specificity 91.78%, P < 0.001). The odds ratio was 2.91 (95% confidence interval, 1.07 to 7.92; P=0.034), which was higher than the 2.4 cm ASFT.
CONCLUSION
It was determined that ASFT as measured by US during the first trimester of pregnancy can be used to predict the risk of developing GDM during the second trimester of pregnancy and for prognosis.

Keyword

Diabetes, gestational; Obesity; Subcutaneous fat, abdominal

MeSH Terms

Body Mass Index
Diabetes, Gestational*
Female
Glucose Tolerance Test
Humans
Obesity
Odds Ratio
Pregnancy
Pregnancy Trimester, First
Pregnancy Trimester, Second
Pregnant Women
Prognosis
Sensitivity and Specificity
Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal*
Ultrasonography*
Weight Gain

Figure

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  Fig. 1 Measuring abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness using a high-resolution ultrasonography at 1 cm above the umbilical level.

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  Fig. 2 A flow chart of the study design (normal group [n=292], gestational diabetes mellitus group [n=41]). OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test.

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  Fig. 3 Receiver operating characteristic curve of predicting gestational diabetes mellitus measured pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness (ASFT) using ultrasonography.

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