Allergy Asthma Immunol Res.  2017 Sep;9(5):417-422. 10.4168/aair.2017.9.5.417.

Monoclonal Antibodies to Recombinant Fag e 3 Buckwheat Allergen and Development of a Two-site ELISA for Its Quantification

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Allergy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. parkjw@yuhs.ac

Abstract

PURPOSE
Buckwheat is a major cause of anaphylaxis, and Fag e 3 is the key major allergen in buckwheat. However, an immunoassay system for the quantification of Fag e 3 has yet to be developed.
METHODS
We developed a 2-site enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) produced against recombinant Fag e 3. We applied this ELISA to quantify native Fag e 3 in total buckwheat extract.
RESULTS
Four clones of mAbs were produced, and all recognized vicilin allergens not only from buckwheat, but also from peanut and walnut. However, the ELISA using these antibodies was only able to quantify Fag e 3 in the total extract after addition of 1% sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and heating, which facilitated dissociation of the allergen. The detection limit of the developed 2-site ELISA was 0.8 µg/mL. The measurement of Fag e 3 in the total extract of buckwheat showed that approximately 12% of protein in total buckwheat extract was Fag e 3.
CONCLUSIONS
We have developed an ELISA system for the quantification of the group 3 buckwheat allergen, Fag e 3, specifically. This assay will be useful for standardization of buckwheat allergens and monitoring of buckwheat contamination in foods.

Keyword

Buckwheat; 2-site ELISA; Fag e 3; vicilin

MeSH Terms

Allergens
Anaphylaxis
Antibodies
Antibodies, Monoclonal*
Arachis
Clone Cells
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay*
Fagopyrum*
Heating
Hot Temperature
Immunoassay
Juglans
Limit of Detection
Sodium
Allergens
Antibodies
Antibodies, Monoclonal
Sodium

Figure

  • Fig. 1 SDS-PAGE analysis of recombinant Fag e 3 (5 µg) and antibody responses to buckwheat extract. Recombinant protein was separated onto a 15% polyacrylamide gel under reducing and non-reducing conditions (A). We examined reactivity of mAbs produced against recombinant Fag e 3 to buckwheat extract by ELISA using hybridoma culture supernatants (B). SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; mAbs, monoclonal antibodies; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

  • Fig. 2 Recognition of native vicilin-like allergens by mAbs. We probed Fag e 3 and its homologous allergens with mAbs from extracts (10 µg) that were transferred onto a PVDF membrane after running on 15% gels that were run under reducing (A) and non-reducing (B) conditions. mAbs used to detect Fag e 3 are denoted beneath each membrane. M, molecular mass standard; B, buckwheat extract; P, peanut extract; W, walnut extract; mAbs, monoclonal antibodies; PVDF, polyvinylidene difluoride.

  • Fig. 3 Dose-dependent curve of recombinant Fag e 3 by a 2-site ELISA. The 2-site ELISA was quantified with 4-fold dilution of recombinant Fag e 3 from 25 µg/mL. The detection limit was 0.1 µg/mL. ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

  • Fig. 4 Application of detergents in total buckwheat extract to facilitate native Fag e 3 quantification. One percent detergent was added to the extract (A) and to recombinant Fag e 3.

  • Fig. 5 Quantification of native Fag e 3 in total buckwheat extract. Addition of SDS decreased the sensitivity to recombinant Fag e 3 (A), but increased the sensitivity to native Fag e 3 in total buckwheat extract (B). The detection limit for recombinant Fag e 3 was 6 µg/mL (A). We created a dose-dependent curve of with 4-fold dilution of buckwheat extract from 1 mg/mL (B). SDS, sodium dodecyl sulphate.

  • Fig. 6 Heating after adding SDS to the buckwheat. Heating improves the sensitivity of the 2-site ELISA. The detection limit was 0.8 µg/mL of recombinant Fag e 3. SDS, sodium dodecyl sulphate; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.


Reference

1. Han SM, Heo YR. Changes of prevalence of food allergy in elementary school student and perception of it in school nutritionist in Korea, 1995–2015. J Nutr Health. 2016; 49:8–17.
Article
2. Kim SR, Park HJ, Park KH, Lee JH, Park JW. IgE sensitization patterns to commonly consumed foods determined by skin prick test in Korean adults. J Korean Med Sci. 2016; 31:1197–1201. PMID: 27478328.
Article
3. Lee SY, Ahn K, Kim J, Jang GC, Min TK, Yang HJ, et al. A multicenter retrospective case study of anaphylaxis triggers by age in Korean children. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2016; 8:535–540. PMID: 27582405.
Article
4. Chandrupatla CV, Kundu RV, Aronson IK. Buckwheat allergy and atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005; 53:356–357. PMID: 16021142.
Article
5. Heffler E, Nebiolo F, Asero R, Guida G, Badiu I, Pizzimenti S, et al. Clinical manifestations, co-sensitizations, and immunoblotting profiles of buckwheat-allergic patients. Allergy. 2011; 66:264–270. PMID: 20804471.
Article
6. Taylor SL, Baumert JL. Worldwide food allergy labeling and detection of allergens in processed foods. Chem Immunol Allergy. 2015; 101:227–234. PMID: 26022883.
Article
7. Park JW, Kang DB, Kim CW, Ko SH, Yum HY, Kim KE, et al. Identification and characterization of the major allergens of buckwheat. Allergy. 2000; 55:1035–1041. PMID: 11097313.
Article
8. Choi SY, Sohn JH, Lee YW, Lee EK, Hong CS, Park JW. Characterization of buckwheat 19-kD allergen and its application for diagnosing clinical reactivity. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2007; 144:267–274. PMID: 17641547.
Article
9. Maruyama N, Sato S, Yanagida N, Cabanos C, Ito K, Borres MP, et al. Clinical utility of recombinant allergen components in diagnosing buckwheat allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2016; 4:322–323.e3. PMID: 26776372.
Article
10. Koeberl M, Clarke D, Lopata AL. Next generation of food allergen quantification using mass spectrometric systems. J Proteome Res. 2014; 13:3499–3509. PMID: 24824675.
Article
11. Jeong KY, Hong CS, Lee JS, Park JW. Optimization of allergen standardization. Yonsei Med J. 2011; 52:393–400. PMID: 21488181.
Article
12. Shewry PR, Napier JA, Tatham AS. Seed storage proteins: structures and biosynthesis. Plant Cell. 1995; 7:945–956. PMID: 7640527.
Article
13. Villalta D, Conte M, Asero R, Da Re M, Stella S, Martelli P. Isolated IgE reactivity to native walnut vicilin-like protein (nJug r 2) on ISACTM microarray is due to cross-reactive carbohydrate epitopes. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2013; 51:1991–1995. PMID: 23585182.
14. Barre A, Sordet C, Culerrier R, Rancé F, Didier A, Rougé P. Vicilin allergens of peanut and tree nuts (walnut, hazelnut and cashew nut) share structurally related IgE-binding epitopes. Mol Immunol. 2008; 45:1231–1240. PMID: 18029017.
Article
15. Badenoch-Jones J, Spencer D, Higgins TJ, Millerd A. The role of glycosylation in storage-protein synthesis in developing pea seeds. Planta. 1981; 153:201–209. PMID: 24276822.
Article
16. Yang ZH, Li C, Li YY, Wang ZH. Effects of Maillard reaction on allergenicity of buckwheat allergen Fag t 3 during thermal processing. J Sci Food Agric. 2013; 93:1510–1515. PMID: 23165788.
Article
17. Pomés A, Vinton R, Chapman MD. Peanut allergen (Ara h 1) detection in foods containing chocolate. J Food Prot. 2004; 67:793–798. PMID: 15083733.
18. Shin DS, Compadre CM, Maleki SJ, Kopper RA, Sampson H, Huang SK, et al. Biochemical and structural analysis of the IgE binding sites on Ara h 1, an abundant and highly allergenic peanut protein. J Biol Chem. 1998; 273:13753–13759. PMID: 9593717.
19. de Jong EC, Van Zijverden M, Spanhaak S, Koppelman SJ, Pellegrom H, Penninks AH. Identification and partial characterization of multiple major allergens in peanut proteins. Clin Exp Allergy. 1998; 28:743–751. PMID: 9677140.
Article
20. Pomés A, Helm RM, Bannon GA, Burks AW, Tsay A, Chapman MD. Monitoring peanut allergen in food products by measuring Ara h 1. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003; 111:640–645. PMID: 12642850.
Article
21. Perry TT, Conover-Walker MK, Pomés A, Chapman MD, Wood RA. Distribution of peanut allergen in the environment. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004; 113:973–976. PMID: 15131582.
Article
22. Lee SY, Lee KS, Hong CH, Lee KY. Three cases of childhood nocturnal asthma due to buckwheat allergy. Allergy. 2001; 56:763–766. PMID: 11488670.
Article
23. Park HS, Nahm DH. Buckwheat flour hypersensitivity: an occupational asthma in a noodle maker. Clin Exp Allergy. 1996; 26:423–427. PMID: 8732239.
Article
24. Wensing M, Knulst AC, Piersma S, O'Kane F, Knol EF, Koppelman SJ. Patients with anaphylaxis to pea can have peanut allergy caused by cross-reactive IgE to vicilin (Ara h 1). J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003; 111:420–424. PMID: 12589366.
Article
25. Matsuda R, Yoshioka Y, Akiyama H, Aburatani K, Watanabe Y, Matsumoto T, et al. Interlaboratory evaluation of two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits for the detection of egg, milk, wheat, buckwheat, and peanut in foods. J AOAC Int. 2006; 89:1600–1608. PMID: 17225608.
Article
26. Choi SY, Sohn JH, Lee YW, Lee EK, Hong CS, Park JW. Application of the 16-kDa buckwheat 2 S storage albumin protein for diagnosis of clinical reactivity. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2007; 99:254–260. PMID: 17910329.
Article
27. Lee SE, Kim H. Update on early nutrition and food allergy in children. Yonsei Med J. 2016; 57:542–548. PMID: 26996550.
Article
Full Text Links
  • AAIR
Actions
Cited
CITED
export Copy
Close
Share
  • Twitter
  • Facebook
Similar articles
Copyright © 2024 by Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors. All rights reserved.     E-mail: koreamed@kamje.or.kr