J Gastric Cancer.  2016 Mar;16(1):1-7. 10.5230/jgc.2016.16.1.1.

Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Gastric Carcinoma and Specific Features of the Accompanying Immune Response

• Cho J
• Kang MS
• Kim KM

• KMID: 2372546
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5230/jgc.2016.16.1.1

Abstract

Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC) is one of the four subtypes of gastric carcinoma (GC), as defined by the novel classification recently proposed by The Cancer Genome Atlas. EBVaGC has several clinicopathological features such as longer survival and higher frequency of lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) and carcinoma with Crohn's disease-like lymphoid reaction that distinguish it from EBV-negative GC. The intensity and pattern of host cellular immune response in GC have been found to significantly correlate with the prognosis of patients with GC, suggesting that immune reaction and tumor microenvironment have critical roles in the progression of GC, and in particular, EBVaGC. Here, we reviewed the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying prominent immune reactions in patients with EBVaGC. In EBVaGC, deregulation of the expression of immune response-related genes promotes marked intra- or peritumoral immune cell infiltration. The expression of programmed death receptor-ligand 1 is known to be increased in EBVaGC, and therefore, it has been proposed as a favorable prognostic factor for patients with EBVaGC, albeit some data supporting this claim are controversial. Overall, the underlying mechanisms and clinical significance of the host cellular immune response in patients with EBVaGC have not been thoroughly elucidated. Therefore, further research is necessary to better understand the role of tumor microenvironment in EBVaGC.

Keyword

Epstein-Barr virus; Gastric cancer

MeSH Terms

Classification
Genome
Herpesvirus 4, Human
Humans
Immunity, Cellular
Prognosis
Stomach Neoplasms
Tumor Microenvironment

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Representative photographs of lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (A), carcinoma with Crohn's disease-like lymphoid reaction (B), and conventional adenocarcinoma (C) cells stained positive with Epstein Barr virus-encoded RNA in situ hybridization (magnification: A~C, ×40).

• 

  Fig. 2 Photomicrographs of CD4- (A), CD8- (B), CD20- (C), and CD1a- (D) positive immune cells around Epstein-Barr virus-positive carcinoma cells (magnification: A~C, ×40).

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