J Bone Metab.  2017 Feb;24(1):51-58. 10.11005/jbm.2017.24.1.51.

Association of Serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D Concentration and Arterial Stiffness among Korean Adults in Single Center

• Lee JH
• Suh HS

• KMID: 2371832
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.11005/jbm.2017.24.1.51

Abstract

BACKGROUND
There are growing concerns about the role of vitamin D deficiency in cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, we investigated the correlation between serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25[OH]D) and arterial stiffness among Korean adults.
METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of 302 people (115 women and 187 men) who visited a tertiary hospital from January 2015 to December 2016. Serum 25(OH)D was measured using the radioimmunoassay technique, and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) was measured using an automatic wave analyzer. We obtained the doctor's report on the medical history of the participants, their alcohol consumption and smoking habits, and their exercise status. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed based on guidelines from the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP)-Adult Treatment Panel (ATP III) and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Results of basic blood tests and physical assessment were also collected.
RESULTS
In the Pearson correlation analysis, serum 25(OH)D and baPWV showed a statistically significant inverse relationship (r=-0.279, P<0.001). Using multiple regression analysis, and after adjusting for possible confounders, serum 25(OH)D concentration was found to be significantly associated with baPWV (β=-0.121, P=0.011).
CONCLUSIONS
We observed an association between serum 25(OH)D concentration and arterial stiffness. Further studies involving larger sample sizes will be needed to confirm this associations.

Keyword

Adult; 25-hydroxyvitamin D3; Vascular stiffness

MeSH Terms

Adult*
Alcohol Drinking
Calcifediol
Cardiovascular Diseases
Cholesterol
Education
Female
Hematologic Tests
Humans
Pulse Wave Analysis
Radioimmunoassay
Retrospective Studies
Sample Size
Smoke
Smoking
Tertiary Care Centers
Vascular Stiffness*
Vitamin D Deficiency
Calcifediol
Cholesterol
Smoke

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Correlation between 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25[OH]D) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), scatter diagram.

Reference

1. Banerjee P, Chatterjee M. Antiproliferative role of vitamin D and its analogs--a brief overview. Mol Cell Biochem. 2003; 253:247–254.

2. Ordonez-Moran P, Larriba MJ, Pendas-Franco N, et al. Vitamin D and cancer: an update of in vitro and in vivo data. Front Biosci. 2005; 10:2723–2749.

3. Li YC, Kong J, Wei M, et al. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D(3) is a negative endocrine regulator of the renin-angiotensin system. J Clin Invest. 2002; 110:229–238.

4. Norman AW, Frankel JB, Heldt AM, et al. Vitamin D deficiency inhibits pancreatic secretion of insulin. Science. 1980; 209:823–825.

5. Hewison M. Vitamin D and immune function: an overview. Proc Nutr Soc. 2012; 71:50–61.

6. Holick MF. Vitamin D deficiency. N Engl J Med. 2007; 357:266–281.

7. Jung IK. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Korea: Results from KNHANES 2010 to 2011. J Nutr Health. 2013; 46:540–551.

8. Melamed ML, Muntner P, Michos ED, et al. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease: results from NHANES 2001 to 2004. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008; 28:1179–1185.

9. Meaume S, Rudnichi A, Lynch A, et al. Aortic pulse wave velocity as a marker of cardiovascular disease in subjects over 70 years old. J Hypertens. 2001; 19:871–877.

10. Laurent S, Boutouyrie P, Asmar R, et al. Aortic stiffness is an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in hypertensive patients. Hypertension. 2001; 37:1236–1241.

11. Cruickshank K, Riste L, Anderson SG, et al. Aortic pulse-wave velocity and its relationship to mortality in diabetes and glucose intolerance: an integrated index of vascular function? Circulation. 2002; 106:2085–2090.

12. Blacher J, Safar ME, Guerin AP, et al. Aortic pulse wave velocity index and mortality in end-stage renal disease. Kidney Int. 2003; 63:1852–1860.

13. Hametner B, Wassertheurer S, Kropf J, et al. Oscillometric estimation of aortic pulse wave velocity: comparison with intra-aortic catheter measurements. Blood Press Monit. 2013; 18:173–176.

14. Ponda MP, Huang X, Odeh MA, et al. Vitamin D may not improve lipid levels: a serial clinical laboratory data study. Circulation. 2012; 126:270–277.

15. Giallauria F, Milaneschi Y, Tanaka T, et al. Arterial stiffness and vitamin D levels: the Baltimore longitudinal study of aging. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012; 97:3717–3723.

16. Gepner AD, Colangelo LA, Blondon M, et al. 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone levels do not predict changes in carotid arterial stiffness: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2014; 34:1102–1109.

17. Martins D, Meng YX, Tareen N, et al. The effect of short term vitamin D supplementation on the inflammatory and oxidative mediators of arterial stiffness. Health (Irvine Calif). 2014; 6:1503–1511.

18. Witham MD, Adams F, Kabir G, et al. Effect of short-term vitamin D supplementation on markers of vascular health in South Asian women living in the UK--a randomised controlled trial. Atherosclerosis. 2013; 230:293–299.

19. Wang L, Manson JE, Buring JE, et al. Dietary intake of dairy products, calcium, and vitamin D and the risk of hypertension in middle-aged and older women. Hypertension. 2008; 51:1073–1079.

20. Schmitz KJ, Skinner HG, Bautista LE, et al. Association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with blood pressure in predominantly 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficient Hispanic and African Americans. Am J Hypertens. 2009; 22:867–870.

21. Sun X, Cao ZB, Tanisawa K, et al. Associations between the Serum 25(OH)D concentration and lipid profiles in Japanese men. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2015; 22:355–362.

22. Uemura H, Katsuura-Kamano S, Yamaguchi M, et al. Association between dietary calcium intake and arterial stiffness according to dietary vitamin D intake in men. Br J Nutr. 2014; 112:1333–1340.

23. Lee JI, Oh SJ, Ha WC, et al. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and arterial stiffness among type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2012; 95:42–47.

24. Kang JY, Kim MK, Jung S, et al. The cross-sectional relationships of dietary and serum vitamin D with cardiometabolic risk factors: Metabolic components, subclinical atherosclerosis, and arterial stiffness. Nutrition. 2016; 32:1048–1056.e1.

25. Rodríguez AJ, Scott D, Srikanth V, et al. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on measures of arterial stiffness: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2016; 84:645–657.

26. Dong Y, Stallmann-Jorgensen IS, Pollock NK, et al. A 16-week randomized clinical trial of 2000 international units daily vitamin D3 supplementation in black youth: 25-hydroxyvitamin D, adiposity, and arterial stiffness. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010; 95:4584–4591.

27. Mcgreevy C, Barry M, Bennett K, et al. The effect of vitamin D replacement on arterial stiffness in an elderly community based population. Ir J Med Sci. 2013; 182:S234–S235.

28. Dreyer G, Tucker AT, Harwood SM, et al. Ergocalciferol and microcirculatory function in chronic kidney disease and concomitant vitamin d deficiency: an exploratory, double blind, randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2014; 9:e99461.

29. Pilz S, Gaksch M, Kienreich K, et al. Effects of vitamin D on blood pressure and cardiovascular risk factors: a randomized controlled trial. Hypertension. 2015; 65:1195–1201.

30. Witham MD, Adams F, McSwiggan S, et al. Effect of intermittent vitamin D3 on vascular function and symptoms in chronic fatigue syndrome--a randomised controlled trial. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2015; 25:287–294.

31. Park HA, Kim SY. Recent advance on vitamin D. J Korean Med Assoc. 2013; 56:310–318.

32. Holick MF, Siris ES, Binkley N, et al. Prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy among postmenopausal North American women receiving osteoporosis therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005; 90:3215–3224.

33. Jacobs ET, Alberts DS, Foote JA, et al. Vitamin D insufficiency in southern Arizona. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008; 87:608–613.

34. Tomiyama H, Matsumoto C, Shiina K, et al. Brachial-ankle PWV: current status and future directions as a useful marker in the management of cardiovascular disease and/or cardiovascular risk factors. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2016; 23:128–146.

35. Zhang Y, Leung DY, Richers BN, et al. Vitamin D inhibits monocyte/macrophage proinflammatory cytokine production by targeting MAPK phosphatase-1. J Immunol. 2012; 188:2127–2135.

36. Talmor Y, Golan E, Benchetrit S, et al. Calcitriol blunts the deleterious impact of advanced glycation end products on endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2008; 294:F1059–F1064.

37. Raymond MA, Désormeaux A, Labelle A, et al. Endothelial stress induces the release of vitamin D-binding protein, a novel growth factor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005; 338:1374–1382.

38. Şeker T, Gür M, Kuloğlu O, et al. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with both arterial and ventricular stiffness in healthy subjects. J Cardiol. 2013; 62:361–365.

39. Lim S, Shin H, Kim MJ, et al. Vitamin D inadequacy is associated with significant coronary artery stenosis in a community-based elderly cohort: the Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012; 97:169–178.

40. Deleskog A, Piksasova O, Silveira A, et al. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in subclinical carotid atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2013; 33:2633–2638.

41. Wang TJ, Pencina MJ, Booth SL, et al. Vitamin D deficiency and risk of cardiovascular disease. Circulation. 2008; 117:503–511.

42. Lim J, Pearman ME, Park W, et al. Impact of blood pressure perturbations on arterial stiffness. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2015; 309:R1540–R1545.

43. Mathieu C, Gysemans C, Giulietti A, et al. Vitamin D and diabetes. Diabetologia. 2005; 48:1247–1257.

44. Chiu KC, Chu A, Go VL, et al. Hypovitaminosis D is associated with insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004; 79:820–825.

45. Pittas AG, Lau J, Hu FB, et al. The role of vitamin D and calcium in type 2 diabetes. A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007; 92:2017–2029.

46. Scott D, Ebeling PR, Sanders KM, et al. Vitamin d and physical activity status: associations with five-year changes in body composition and muscle function in community-dwelling older adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015; 100:670–678.