Pediatr Infect Vaccine.  2016 Aug;23(2):149-154. 10.14776/piv.2016.23.2.149.

Kawasaki Disease with Influenza A Virus and Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infections: A Case Report and Review of Literature

• Moon HS
• Huh JS
• Kim MK
• Lambert MM

• KMID: 2353396
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.14776/piv.2016.23.2.149

Abstract

Although an association of Kawasaki disease (KD) with infectious agents has been suggested, none have been proven to cause KD. In this case study, we present a case of KD with concurrent onset of influenza and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infections. A 27-month-old boy presented with prolonged fever, cough, and rhinorrhea. During the initial testing, influenza A infection was identified, and he was treated with oseltamivir. Despite the antiviral therapy, the fever persisted, and he had cervical lymph node enlargement, bilateral conjunctival injection, fissured red lips, strawberry tongue, and erythematous skin lesions on the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination site. Thus, the patient was diagnosed with KD and was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). The result of the initial antimycoplasma immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody testing and was positive, and an increased IgM titer from baseline was found in a repeat test. We reviewed the hypotheses on pathogens known to be associated with KD and the etiology of KD. Based on our findings, we suspect that symptoms of KD and coronary artery lesions can occur from various infections besides those caused by Mycoplasma species and influenza viruses.

Keyword

Kawasaki disease; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Influenza A

MeSH Terms

Bacillus
Child, Preschool
Coronary Vessels
Cough
Fever
Fragaria
Humans
Immunoglobulin M
Immunoglobulins
Influenza A virus*
Influenza, Human*
Lip
Lymph Nodes
Male
Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome*
Mycoplasma pneumoniae*
Mycoplasma*
Orthomyxoviridae
Oseltamivir
Pneumonia, Mycoplasma*
Skin
Tongue
Vaccination
Immunoglobulin M
Immunoglobulins
Oseltamivir

Reference

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