Korean J Intern Med.  2016 Sep;31(5):910-919. 10.3904/kjim.2016.031.

Prevalence and risk factors of periodontitis among adults with or without diabetes mellitus

• Hong M
• Kim HY
• Seok H
• Yeo CD
• Kim YS
• Song JY
• Lee YB
• Lee DH
• Lee JI
• Lee TK
• Ahn HS
• Ko YH
• Jeong SC
• Chae HS
• Sohn TS

• KMID: 2350980
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3904/kjim.2016.031

Abstract

BACKGROUND/AIMS
This study examined prevalence and risk factors of periodontitis in representative samples of Korean adults, with and without diabetes mellitus (DM).
METHODS
Data from the 2012 Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey were analyzed. A total of 4,477 adults (≥ 30 years old) were selected from 8,057 individuals who completed a nutrition survey, a self-reported general health behavior questionnaire, an oral examination, an oral hygiene behaviors survey, and laboratory tests. DM was defined as a fasting plasma glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL, or self-reported diagnosed diabetes, or current use of oral hypoglycemic agents and/or insulin. The community periodontal index was used to assess periodontitis status and comparisons between the periodontitis and the non-periodontitis group, were performed, according to the presence of DM. Risk factors for periodontitis in adults with DM and without DM were evaluated by multiple logistic regression analysis.
RESULTS
The prevalence of periodontitis was significantly higher in adults with DM (43.7%) than in those without DM (25%, p < 0.001). In adults without DM, risk factors for periodontitis were older age, male, urban habitation, waist circumference, smoking, oral pain, and less frequent tooth brushing. Significant risk factors for periodontitis in adults with DM were the smoking, oral pain, and not-using an oral hygiene product.
CONCLUSIONS
Adults with DM have an increased risk of periodontitis than those without DM. Current smoking and oral pain increase this risk. Using an oral hygiene product can reduce risk of periodontal disease in adults with DM.

Keyword

Periodontitis; Diabetes mellitus; Nutrition surveys; Periodontal diseases; Population surveillance

MeSH Terms

Adult*
Blood Glucose
Diabetes Mellitus*
Diagnosis, Oral
Fasting
Health Behavior
Humans
Hypoglycemic Agents
Insulin
Logistic Models
Male
Nutrition Surveys
Oral Hygiene
Periodontal Diseases
Periodontal Index
Periodontitis*
Population Surveillance
Prevalence*
Risk Factors*
Smoke
Smoking
Tooth
Waist Circumference
Hypoglycemic Agents
Insulin
Smoke