J Korean Ophthalmol Soc.  1999 Feb;40(2):383-395.

The Anxiety Level and Comparing Antianxietic Effect of between Hand Massage Program and Intramuscular Diazepam Injection in Cataract Surgery under Local Anesthesia

• Kim MS
• Cho KS

Abstract

This study was designed to investigate the anxiety level and compare the antianxietic effect of between hand massage program group and antianxiety drug intramuscular injection group in patients during cataract surgery. The subjects were eighty-nine patients, thirty for the control group, who were admitted at Kangnam St. Marys Hospital for cataract surgery. This study was carried out from December 11, 1996 to February 12, 1997.The levels of anxiety as measured by the Visual Analogue Scale, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and pulse rate were measured before and after hand massage program. Epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol, blood sugar levels, neutrophil and lymphocyte percentages, and natural killer cells in white blood cells also were measured before hand massage and five minutes before the end of the operation.The results were as follows : 1. After hand massage, psychological anxiety levels, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and pulse rate decreased significantly compared with before hand massage.2. The epinephrine and norepinephrine decreased significantly in the massage group, and epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol increased in the intramuscular diazepam injection and control group, so there was a significant difference. There were no differences in blood sugar levels.3. There were no differences in blood neutrophil and lymphocyte percentages in while blood cells among three group. However, natural killer cells in lymphocytes tended to significantly increase in the massage group.These findings indicate that hand massage program could be effective in decreasing the psychological anxiety levels in cataract surgery under local anesthesia.

Keyword

Anxiety; Cataract; Hand massage program; Intramuscular antianxietic drug injection; Local anesthesia

MeSH Terms

Anesthesia, Local*
Anxiety*
Blood Cells
Blood Glucose
Blood Pressure
Cataract*
Diazepam*
Epinephrine
Hand*
Heart Rate
Humans
Hydrocortisone
Injections, Intramuscular
Killer Cells, Natural
Leukocytes
Lymphocytes
Massage*
Neutrophils
Norepinephrine
Blood Glucose
Diazepam
Epinephrine
Hydrocortisone
Norepinephrine