J Periodontal Implant Sci.  2011 Apr;41(2):60-66.

Labial and lingual/palatal bone thickness of maxillary and mandibular anteriors in human cadavers in Koreans

• Han JY
• Jung GU

Abstract

PURPOSE
The aim of this study is to evaluate the buccal and lingual bone thickness in the anterior teeth and the relationship between bone thickness and the tissue biotype.
METHODS
Three male and two female human cadaver heads (mean age, 55.4 years) were used in this study. First, the biotype of periodontium was evaluated and categorized into a thick or a thin group. Next, full thickness reflections of the mandible and the maxilla to expose the underlying bone for accurate measurements in the anterior regions were performed. After the removal of the half of the alveolar bone, the probe with a stopper was used to measure the thickness of bone plate at the alveolar crest (AC), 3 mm apical to the alveolar crest (AC-3), 6 mm apical to the alveolar crest (AC-6), and 9 mm apical to the alveolar crest (AC-9).
RESULTS
Four of them had a thick biotype. There was no penetration or dehiscence. The thickness of the buccal plates at the alveolar crest were 0.97+/-0.18 mm, 0.78+/-0.21 mm, and 0.95+/-0.35 mm in the maxillary central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines, respectively. The thickness of the labial plates at the alveolar crest were 0.86+/-0.59 mm, 0.88+/-0.70 mm, and 1.17+/-0.70 mm in the mandibular central incisors, lateral incisors and canines, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
The thickness of the labial plate in the maxillary anteriors is very thin that great caution is needed for placing an implant. The present study showed the bone thickness of maxillary and mandibular anteriors at different positions. Therefore, these data can be useful for the understanding of the bone thickness of the anteriors and a successful implant placement.

Keyword

Alveolar bone; Dental esthetics; Dental implants

MeSH Terms

Bone Plates
Cadaver
Dental Implants
Esthetics, Dental
Female
Head
Humans
Hyoid Bone
Incisor
Male
Mandible
Maxilla
Periodontium
Tooth
Dental Implants

Figure

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  Figure 1 Bilateral measurements were made on the human cadaver heads.

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  Figure 2 A periodontal probe was placed into the facial aspect of the gingiva (A), and the depth of periodontal probe penetration was measured with digital calipers (B).

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  Figure 3 The thickness of the buccal and palatal/lingual plates was measured with digital calipers (A), and the measurements were taken along the line to the middle of the teeth and parallel to the long axis of the teeth (B). AC-3: 3 mm apical to the alveolar crest (AC), AC-6: 6 mm apical to the AC, AC-9: 9 mm apical to the AC, CEJ-AC: the distance between cementoenamel (CEJ) junction and AC.

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  Figure 4 4. A probe with a stopper was used to measure the thickness of the bone plate at each position and landmarks used to describe the dimension of bone thickness in the anteriors: alveolar crest (AC), 3 mm apical to the AC (AC-3), 6 mm apical to the AC (AC-6), and 9 mm apical to the AC (AC-9).

• 

  Figure 5 The thickness of the labial and palatal/lingual plates in the anteriors and the distance between the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) and the alveolar crest (mean±SD mm). AC-3: 3 mm apical to the alveolar crest (AC), AC-6: 6 mm apical to the AC, AC-9: 9 mm apical to the AC, CEJ-AC: the distance between CEJ, and AC. Mx.: maxilla, Mn.: mandible.

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