J Nutr Health.  2016 Jun;49(3):144-152. 10.4163/jnh.2016.49.3.144.

Development of morning bread fortified citrus peels powders and its evaluation of biological activity by human trial

• Lee HN
• Park TS
• Yu OK
• Byun MS
• Cha YS

• KMID: 2328179
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2016.49.3.144

Abstract

PURPOSE
This study was conducted in order to develop morning bread using powdered citrus peels and to examine the effect of its several biological activities for 12 weeks in overweight adults (BMI ≧ 23) living in dormitories of Chonbuk National University.
METHODS
Control bread was prepared using the same formula except for replacing the wheat flour with 3% citrus peel powder. Subjects were classified according to two groups: Intake group of 3% citrus peel powder fortified morning bread (n = 30) and general morning bread (n = 30).
RESULTS
The results of our study showed no significant effects of citrus peel powdered morning bread on anthropometric indices and biochemical characteristics among overweight adults. Despite the slight reduction in total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, GOT, and GPT (p < 0.05), no significant differences in changes of these values were observed between the two groups.
CONCLUSION
The short duration of our intervention might have resulted in the lack of any significant effect. Therefore, conduct of further studies with longer duration is warranted in order that the results from this study can be utilized as a basis for the development of food products with citrus peel powder.

Keyword

morning bread; citrus peels powder; breakfast; anti-obesity; coronary artery disease

MeSH Terms

Adult
Bread*
Breakfast
Citrus*
Coronary Artery Disease
Flour
Humans*
Jeollabuk-do
Overweight
Powders*
Triticum
Powders

Figure

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  Fig. 1 Experimental design

• 

  Fig. 2 Flow chart for the study subjects

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