Sleep Med Psychophysiol.  2008 Jun;15(1):17-24.

Overview of Periodic Limb Movements During Sleep

• Cyn J

Abstract

Periodic leg movements during sleep (PLMS) are best described as repetitive stereotypical movements of the lower extremities characterized by dorsiflexion of the ankle, dorsiflexion of the toes and a partial flexion of the knee and sometimes the hip. The prevalence of PLMS is about 5-11% in adults and is predicted much higher than previously surveyed. They are also frequently found in various sleep disorders, several disorders not primarily affecting sleep, and patients taking psychiatric medications. Although they are rarely found in children, they are common findings in children referred to a pediatric sleep laboratory. The pathophysiology is strongly associated with decline of central dopaminergic function and closely related to arousal system during sleep. Benzodiazepines, levodopa, dopamine agonists and opioids are generally recommended for treatment but more controlled studies on the effectiveness are needed.

Keyword

Periodic limb movements during sleep

MeSH Terms

Adult
Analgesics, Opioid
Animals
Ankle
Arousal
Benzodiazepines
Child
Dopamine Agonists
Extremities
Hip
Humans
Knee
Leg
Levodopa
Lower Extremity
Prevalence
Sleep Wake Disorders
Toes
Analgesics, Opioid
Benzodiazepines
Dopamine Agonists
Levodopa