Nutr Res Pract.  2010 Dec;4(6):522-527.

Diet intervention to improve cardiovascular risk factors among Iranian postmenopausal women

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Midwifery, Ahvaz Jondishapur University of Medical Science, 13 East Kianpars Ave-Karkeh St-No 8, Ahvaz 6155975381, Iran. parvinabedi@yahoo.com
  • 2Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Universiti of Putra Malaysia, Selangor-43300, Malaysia.
  • 3Department of Health, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
  • 4Department of Statistics, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
  • 5Department of Nutrition, Ahvaz, Jondishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran.

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death and disability and remains so in the future. The aim of this study was to detect the impact of a 6-month diet intervention on cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal Iranian women. It was a randomized controlled trial that carried out in the East Health Clinic in Ahvaz-Iran. This study started on June 2007 and was completed on May 2008. A total 64 healthy postmenopausal women recruited and randomly assigned to the intervention group (35) and control (29). Over the six months follow-up, the intervention group received five educational sessions (two face to face and three lecture discussion classes with slide demonstration) at the first month. These sessions were about menopause, cardiovascular disease and healthy diet. Every participant in the intervention group received one face to face education session at the 3rd month, and also received a telephone call at the end of each month starting with the second month to remain on the diet. Pre-intervention and post-intervention anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, blood lipids and dietary intake were assessed. Data analyzed using the SPSS version 15. Descriptive (means and SD), univariate (Paired-t test, Chi-Square and Independent T-test) and multivariate (GLM Repeated Measure) statistics were used. Participants in the diet group had significantly lower weight (-0.9 kg), body mass index (-0.4 kg/m2), and fasting blood sugar (-4.5 mg/dl). The diet group significantly increased their daily intake of fiber (+2.3 g, P = 0.05), decreased their intake of sodium (-28 mg, P = 0.04), and consumption of fruit and vegetable > or = 5 serving a day (80%, P = 0.03) compared to the control group. Post menopausal women are at a greater risk for cardiovascular disease. Healthy diet using educational intervention can be an effective means of reducing cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women.

Keyword

Postmenopausal women; cardiovascular disease; diet intervention

MeSH Terms

Blood Glucose
Blood Pressure
Body Mass Index
Cardiovascular Diseases
Cause of Death
Diet
Fasting
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Fruit
Humans
Menopause
Risk Factors
Sodium
Telephone
Vegetables
Blood Glucose
Sodium

Reference

1. Mendis S, Lindholm LH, Mancia G, Whitworth J, Alderman M, Lim S, Heagerty T. World Health Organization (WHO) and International Society of Hypertension (ISH) risk prediction charts: assessment of cardiovascular risk for prevention and control of cardiovascular disease in low and middle-income countries. J Hypertens. 2007. 25:1578–1582.
Article
2. Fakhrzadeh H, Bandarian F, Adibi H, Samavati H, Malekafzali H, Hodjazadeh E, Larijani B. Coronary heart disease and associated risk factors in Qazvin: a population-based study. East Mediterr Health J. 2008. 14:33–41.
3. Khosravi A, Taylor R, Naghavi M, Lopez AD. Mortality in the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1964-2004. Bull World Health Organ. 2007. 85:607–614.
Article
4. Rosano GM, Vitale C, Marazzi G, Volterrani M. Menopause and cardiovascular disease: the evidence. Climacteric. 2007. 10:19–24.
Article
5. Bush TL, Fried LP, Barrett-Connor E. Cholesterol, lipoproteins, and coronary heart disease in women. Clin Chem. 1988. 34:B60–B70.
6. Manson JE, Hu FB, Rich-Edwards JW, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Speizer FE, Hennekens CH. A prospective study of walking as compared with vigorous exercise in the prevention of coronary heart disease in women. N Engl J Med. 1999. 341:650–658.
Article
7. Hjortland M, McNamara PM, Kannel W. Some atherogenic concomitants of menopause: The Framingham Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1976. 103:304–311.
Article
8. Matthews KA, Meilahn E, Kuller LH, Kelsey SF, Caggiula AW, Wing RR. Menopause and risk factors for coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med. 1989. 321:641–646.
Article
9. Wing RR, Marcus MD, Epstein LH, Jawad A. A "family-based" approach to the treatment of obese type II diabetic patients. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1991. 59:156–162.
Article
10. Haddock BL, Marshak HP, Mason JJ, Blix G. The effect of hormone replacement therapy and exercise on cardiovascular disease risk factors in postmenopausal women. Sports Med. 2000. 29:39–49.
Article
11. Mosca L, Banka CL, Benjamin EJ, Berra K, Bushnell C, Dolor RJ, Ganiats TG, Gomes AS, Gornik HL, et al. Evidence-based guidelines for cardiovascular disease prevention in women: 2007 update. Circulation. 2007. 115:1481–1501.
Article
12. Ministry of Health and Medical Education [Internet]. 2007. Iran: Available from: http://www.behdasht.gov.ir.
13. Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Executive summary of the third report of the national cholesterol education program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA. 2001. 285:2486–2497.
14. Thomas L. Clinical laboratory diagnostics. 1998. 1st Ed. Frankfurt: TH-Books Verlagsgesellschaft;131–137.
15. Dorosty AR, Tabatabaee M. The food composition table. The Iranian Nutrition World Journal. 2007. 16:15–20.
16. Wing R, Polley B. Baum A, Revenson T, Singer J, editors. Obesity. Handbook of health psychology. 2001. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum;263.
17. Carels RA, Darby LA, Cacciapaglia HM, Douglass OM. Reducing cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women through a lifestyle change intervention. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2004. 13:412–426.
Article
18. Kasim-Karakas SE, Almario RU, Mueller WM, Peerson J. Changes in plasma lipoproteins during low-fat, high-carbohydrate diets: effects of energy intake. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000. 71:1439–1447.
Article
19. McEligot AJ, Gilpin EA, Rock CL, Newman V, Hollenbach KA, Thomson CA, Pierce JP. High dietary fiber consumption is not associated with gastrointestinal discomfort in a diet intervention trial. J Am Diet Assoc. 2002. 102:549–551.
Article
20. Lairon D, Arnault N, Bertrais S, Planells R, Clero E, Hercberg S, Boutron-Ruault MC. Dietary fiber intake and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in French adults. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005. 82:1185–1194.
Article
21. Trabulsi J, Schoeller DA. Evaluation of dietary assessment instruments against doubly labeled water, a biomarker of habitual energy intake. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2001. 281:E891–E899.
Article
22. Mirmiran P, Noori N, Zavareh MB, Azizi F. Fruit and vegetable consumption and risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Metabolism. 2009. 58:460–468.
Article
Full Text Links
  • NRP
Actions
Cited
CITED
export Copy
Close
Share
  • Twitter
  • Facebook
Similar articles
Copyright © 2024 by Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors. All rights reserved.     E-mail: koreamed@kamje.or.kr