J Rheum Dis.  2014 Jun;21(3):132-139. 10.4078/jrd.2014.21.3.132.

Association between Vitamin D Deficiency and Carotid Intima-media Thickness in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

• Park JM
• Lee SG
• Park EK
• Lee DS
• Baek SM
• Hwang KL
• Kim JK
• Park JH
• Kim GT
• Choi SY

• KMID: 2297524
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4078/jrd.2014.21.3.132

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
The present study determined if vitamin D deficiency is a potential risk factor for increased carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
METHODS
This cross-sectional study analyzed 50 consecutive female RA patients without cardiovascular disease history at the Pusan National University Hospital between September and December of 2013. CIMT was measured using a high-resolution ultrasonography. Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OHD) levels were assessed by radioimmunoassay, and vitamin D deficiency was defined as serum 25-OHD levels <20 ng/mL. Stepwise multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiency and increased CIMT.
RESULTS
The median 25-OHD level (inter-quartile range) was 14.0 (11.0~20.7) ng/mL, and 74% of patients had vitamin D deficiency. The mean+/-standard deviation of CIMT was 0.58+/-0.08 mm. RA patients with vitamin D deficiency had significantly higher CIMT than those without this feature (0.59+/-0.07 vs 0.54+/-0.05, p=0.028). In univariable linear regression models, vitamin D deficiency (beta(SE)=0.047 (0.021), p=0.028), older age (beta(SE)=0.003 (7.2(-4)), p<0.001) and higher disease activity score 28-erythrocyte sedimentation rate (beta(SE)=0.021 (0.010), p=0.034) and Korean version of health assessment questionnaire score (beta(SE)=0.051 (0.015), p=0.002) were significantly associated with increased CIMT. Vitamin D deficiency remained statistically significant in multivariable regression models after adjusting for confounders.
CONCLUSION
Vitamin D deficiency was associated with increased CIMT in female RA patients. Our finding suggests that hypovitaminosis D can be a risk factor for atherosclerosis in RA patients.

Keyword

Vitamin D; Rheumatoid arthritis; Atherosclerosis; Cardiovascular diseases

MeSH Terms

Arthritis, Rheumatoid*
Atherosclerosis
Busan
Cardiovascular Diseases
Carotid Intima-Media Thickness*
Cross-Sectional Studies
Female
Humans
Linear Models
Radioimmunoassay
Risk Factors
Ultrasonography
Vitamin D
Vitamin D Deficiency*
Surveys and Questionnaires
Vitamin D

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