Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors of Contrast Dye Nephrotoxicity in Patients Performing Arteriography

Kim, Young Soo; Song, Sun Wha; Ku, Young Mi; Song, Ha Hun; Yoon, Sun Ae; Song, Ho Cheol; Kim, Young Ok; Kim, Ki Tae; Chang, Yoon Sik; Bang, Byung Kee

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Because of increasing incidence of astherosclerosis, the incidence of contrast nephrotoxicity is increasing in Korea. This study was designed to investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of contrast dye nephrotoxcity in patients performing arteriography. METHODS: This study included 511 adult patients who performed arteriography. We retrospectively evaluated the incidence, clinical course, and risk factors of contrast dye-induced acute renal failure via medical records. Acute renal failure was defined as a rise of serum creatinine more than 50% of baseline levels 2-3 days after exposure of contrast dye. RESULTS: Of the total 511 patients, 23 patients (4.5%) had acute renal failure. The mean age of these patients was 57+/-0 years and the number of male was 14. The mean duration between the exposure and development of acute renal failure was 2.0+/-.7 days. The serum creatinine level maximally increased to 3.2+/-.9 mg/dL at 6.3+/-.1 days after the exposure. Oliguria and pulmonary edema developed in 8 and 7 patients, respectively. Four patients needed hemodialysis treatment. Of the total 23 patients with acute renal failure, 19 patients recovered with conservative treatment and 3 patients died without recovery of renal function and 1 patients progressed end stage renal failure. Renal insufficiency and dosage of contrast dye were independent risk factors of development of acute renal failure. CONCIUSION: Contrast dye-induced acute renal failure occurred in 4.5% of patients performing arteriography. Most cases of acute renal failures completely recovered but 4 case needed hemodialysis and 1 case progressed to end stage renal failure. Renal insufficiency and dosage of contrast dye were independent risk factors of development of acute renal failure.