J Korean Med Assoc.  2011 Feb;54(2):175-180. 10.5124/jkma.2011.54.2.175.

Climate change and air pollution

Affiliations
  • 1Devision of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea. jas877@schmc.ac.kr

Abstract

The average temperature of the Earth's near-surface air and the oceans has increased 0.74 +/- 0.18degrees C over the last century. Climate change can cause sea levels to rise, change the amount and pattern of precipitation, shrink the cover of rain forest and forest, increase the intensity of extreme weather events, and cause species extinctions and changes in agricultural yields. Many human diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, allergies, respiratory diseases, and infectious diseases, are related to climate fluctuation. Climate change can cause the level of air pollutants to increase and affect the interaction of air pollutants and respiratory allergens. Ambient air pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide, ozone, particulate matter, volatile organic compounds, and sulfur dioxide have been linked to allergic diseases and asthma. Here, the effect of climate change and air pollution on health outcomes such as asthma and allergic diseases is reviewed.

Keyword

Climate change; Air pollution; Health; Asthma

MeSH Terms

Air Pollutants
Air Pollution
Allergens
Asthma
Cardiovascular Diseases
Climate
Climate Change
Communicable Diseases
Extinction, Biological
Humans
Hypersensitivity
Nitrogen Dioxide
Oceans and Seas
Ozone
Particulate Matter
Rain
Sulfur Dioxide
Volatile Organic Compounds
Weather
Air Pollutants
Allergens
Nitrogen Dioxide
Ozone
Particulate Matter
Sulfur Dioxide
Volatile Organic Compounds

Reference

1. Patz J, Campbell-Lendrum D, Gibbs H, Woodruff R. Health impact assessment of global climate change: expanding on comparative risk assessment approaches for policy making. Annu Rev Public Health. 2008. 29:27–39.
Article
2. McMichael AJ, Woodruff RE, Hales S. Climate change and human health: present and future risks. Lancet. 2006. 367:859–869.
Article
3. Epstein PR. Climate change and human health. N Engl J Med. 2005. 353:1433–1436.
Article
4. Patz JA, Campbell-Lendrum D, Holloway T, Foley JA. Impact of regional climate change on human health. Nature. 2005. 438:310–317.
Article
5. Lee SI. The incidence rate of childhood asthma and ISAAC in Korea. Korean J Allergy. 1996. 16:172–174.
6. Jang AS, Yeum CH, Son MH. Epidemiologic evidence of a relationship between airway hyperresponsiveness and exposure to polluted air. Allergy. 2003. 58:585–588.
Article
7. Samet JM, Marbury MC, Spengler JD. Health effects and sources of indoor air pollution: part I. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1987. 136:1486–1508.
Article
8. Bardana EJ Jr. Indoor pollution and its impact on respiratory health. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2001. 87:6 Suppl 3. 33–40.
Article
9. D'Amato G, Cecchi L. Effects of climate change on environ-mental factors in respiratory allergic diseases. Clin Exp Allergy. 2008. 38:1264–1274.
10. Ebi KL, McGregor G. Climate change, tropospheric ozone and particulate matter, and health impacts. Environ Health Perspect. 2008. 116:1449–1455.
Article
11. American Thoracic Society. What constitutes an adverse health effect of air pollution? Official statement of the American Thoracic Society. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000. 161(2 Pt 1):665–673.
12. Gauderman WJ, Avol E, Gilliland F, Vora H, Thomas D, Berhane K, McConnell R, Kuenzli N, Lurmann F, Rappaport E, Margolis H, Bates D, Peters J. The effect of air pollution on lung development from 10 to 18 years of age. N Engl J Med. 2004. 351:1057–1067.
Article
13. Erdei E, Bobvos J, Brozik M, Páldy A, Farkas I, Vaskovi E, Rudnai P. Indoor air pollutants and immune biomarkers among Hungarian asthmatic children. Arch Environ Health. 2003. 58:337–347.
14. Salvador P, Artiñano B, Querol X, Alastuey A. A combined analysis of backward trajectories and aerosol chemistry to characterise long-range transport episodes of particulate matter: the Madrid air basin, a case study. Sci Total Environ. 2008. 390:495–506.
Article
15. Delfino RJ, Quintana PJ, Floro J, Gastanaga VM, Samimi BS, Kleinman MT, Liu LJ, Bufalino C, Wu CF, McLaren CE. Association of FEV1 in asthmatic children with personal and microenvironmental exposure to airborne particulate matter. Environ Health Perspect. 2004. 112:932–941.
Article
16. Fujieda S, Diaz-Sanchez D, Saxon A. Combined nasal challenge with diesel exhaust particles and allergen induces in vivo IgE isotype switching. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1998. 19:507–512.
Article
17. Ohta K, Yamashita N, Tajima M, Miyasaka T, Nakano J, Nakajima M, Ishii A, Horiuchi T, Mano K, Miyamoto T. Diesel exhaust particulate induces airway hyperresponsiveness in a murine model: essential role of GM-CSF. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1999. 104:1024–1030.
Article
18. Salvi SS, Frew A, Holgate S. Is diesel exhaust a cause for increasing allergies? Clin Exp Allergy. 1999. 29:4–8.
Article
19. Terada N, Maesako K, Hiruma K, Hamano N, Houki G, Konno A, Ikeda T, Sai M. Diesel exhaust particulates enhance eosinophil adhesion to nasal epithelial cells and cause degranulation. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 1997. 114:167–174.
Article
20. Riedl M, Diaz-Sanchez D. Biology of diesel exhaust effects on respiratory function. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005. 115:221–228.
Article
21. Behndig AF, Mudway IS, Brown JL, Stenfors N, Helleday R, Duggan ST, Wilson SJ, Boman C, Cassee FR, Frew AJ, Kelly FJ, Sandstrom T, Blomberg A. Airway antioxidant and inflammatory responses to diesel exhaust exposure in healthy humans. Eur Respir J. 2006. 27:359–365.
Article
22. Kinney PL, Chillrud SN, Ramstrom S, Ross J, Spengler JD. Exposures to multiple air toxics in New York City. Environ Health Perspect. 2002. 110:Suppl 4. 539–546.
Article
23. Sharkey TD, Wiberley AE, Donohue AR. Isoprene emission from plants: why and how. Ann Bot. 2008. 101:5–18.
Article
24. White MC, Etzel RA, Wilcox WD, Lloyd C. Exacerbations of childhood asthma and ozone pollution in Atlanta. Environ Res. 1994. 65:56–68.
Article
25. Gent JF, Triche EW, Holford TR, Belanger K, Bracken MB, Beckett WS, Leaderer BP. Association of low-level ozone and fine particles with respiratory symptoms in children with asthma. JAMA. 2003. 290:1859–1867.
Article
26. Holz O, Mücke M, Paasch K, Bohme S, Timm P, Richter K, Magnussen H, Jorres RA. Repeated ozone exposures enhance bronchial allergen responses in subjects with rhinitis or asthma. Clin Exp Allergy. 2002. 32:681–689.
Article
27. McConnell R, Berhane K, Gilliland F, London SJ, Islam T, Gauderman WJ, Avol E, Margolis HG, Peters JM. Asthma in exercising children exposed to ozone: a cohort study. Lancet. 2002. 359:386–391.
Article
28. McDonnell WF, Abbey DE, Nishino N, Lebowitz MD. Long-term ambient ozone concentration and the incidence of asthma in nonsmoking adults: the AHSMOG Study. Environ Res. 1999. 80(2 Pt 1):110–121.
Article
29. D'Amato G, Liccardi G, D'Amato M. Environmental risk factors (outdoor air pollution and climatic changes) and increased trend of respiratory allergy. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2000. 10:123–128.
30. Barck C, Lundahl J, Hallden G, Bylin G. Brief exposures to NO2 augment the allergic inflammation in asthmatics. Environ Res. 2005. 97:58–66.
Article
31. Belanger K, Beckett W, Triche E, Bracken MB, Holford T, Ren P, McSharry JE, Gold DR, Platts-Mills TA, Leaderer BP. Symptoms of wheeze and persistent cough in the first year of life: associations with indoor allergens, air contaminants, and maternal history of asthma. Am J Epidemiol. 2003. 158:195–202.
Article
32. Krishna MT, Holgate ST. Inflammatory mechanisms underlying potentiation of effects of inhaled aeroallergens in response to nitrogen dioxide in allergic airways disease. Clin Exp Allergy. 1999. 29:150–154.
Article
33. Sheppard D, Saisho A, Nadel JA, Boushey HA. Exercise increases sulfur dioxide-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic subjects. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1981. 123:486–491.
34. Son B, Breysse P, Yang W. Volatile organic compounds concentrations in residential indoor and outdoor and its personal exposure in Korea. Environ Int. 2003. 29:79–85.
Article
35. Smedje G, Norback D, Edling C. Asthma among secondary schoolchildren in relation to the school environment. Clin Exp Allergy. 1997. 27:1270–1278.
Article
36. Norbäck D, Bjornsson E, Janson C, Widstrom J, Boman G. Asthmatic symptoms and volatile organic compounds, formaldehyde, and carbon dioxide in dwellings. Occup Environ Med. 1995. 52:388–395.
Article
37. Ware JH, Spengler JD, Neas LM, Samet JM, Wagner GR, Coultas D, Ozkaynak H, Schwab M. Respiratory and irritant health effects of ambient volatile organic compounds: the Kanawha County Health Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1993. 137:1287–1301.
Article
38. Nel AE, Diaz-Sanchez D, Ng D, Hiura T, Saxon A. Enhancement of allergic inflammation by the interaction between diesel exhaust particles and the immune system. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1998. 102(4 Pt 1):539–554.
Article
39. Knox RB, Suphioglu C, Taylor P, Desai R, Watson HC, Peng JL, Bursill LA. Major grass pollen allergen Lol p 1 binds to diesel exhaust particles: implications for asthma and air pollution. Clin Exp Allergy. 1997. 27:246–251.
Article
40. D'Amato G, Cecchi L, Bonini S, Nunes C, Annesi-Maesano I, Behrendt H, Liccardi G, Popov T, van Cauwenberge P. Allergenic pollen and pollen allergy in Europe. Allergy. 2007. 62:976–990.
Full Text Links
  • JKMA
Actions
Cited
CITED
export Copy
Close
Share
  • Twitter
  • Facebook
Similar articles
Copyright © 2024 by Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors. All rights reserved.     E-mail: koreamed@kamje.or.kr