Intracranial Hemorrhage in Infants Secondary to Vitamin K Deficiency

Jin, Tae Kyeong; Park, Chong Oon; Ha, Young Soo; Kim, Young

Abstract

We had reviewed the cases 8 thirteen patients with intracranial hemorrhage secondary to vitamine K deficiency, admitted between March 1990 at February 1994. The results were as follows: 1) The most common age of onset was under 2 months(12 cases, 92.3%). Sex ratio between male and female was 3.3:1(10:3). Premature was one of all cases. 2) In feeding history, breast feeding(7 cases, 53.8%) was most common, followed by mixed feeding(4 cases, 30.8%) and formular feeding(2 cases, 15.4%). Breast feeding, with or without formula, constituted 11 cases (84.6%) and intracranial hemorrhage was developed in breast feeded babies often more than in formular feeded ones. 3) Clinical findings were variable: mental change(11 cases, 84%) was the most common feature, followed by irritability, poor sucking, vomiting, motor weakness and poor crying. 4) Subdural hemorrhage(9 cases, 69.2%) was most common and followed by intracerebral hemorrhage(7 cases, 53.9%) and intraventricular hemorrhage(3 cases, 23.1%), with or without other hemorrahge. 5) Prolongation of PT and vitamine K dependent coagulation factor deficiencies were noted in all cases. APTT was prolonged in 11 cases(84.6%), but it returned to normal in all cases after vitamine K administration. Vitamine k1 level checked in 5 cases was lower than normal. 6) Treatment included vitamine K administration, subdural tap, burr hole drainage, EVD or craniotomy. Short term result was not good(grade IV+V;8 cases(61.8%)), but long term outcome would be worse than short term outcome(normal ; 1 case). It is our believe that while not very common in Western nations.