Hanyang Med Rev.  2016 Feb;36(1):65-71. 10.7599/hmr.2016.36.1.65.

Brain Stimulation and Modulation for Autism Spectrum Disorder

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea.
  • 2Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
  • 3Department of Psychiatry, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. mompeian@khu.ac.kr

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by a range of conditions including impairments in social interaction, communication, and restricted and repetitive behaviors. Pharmacological treatments can improve some symptoms of ASD, but the effect is limited and there is a huge unmet demand for successful interventions of ASD. Brain stimulation and modulation are emerging treatment options for ASD: electroconvulsive therapy for catatonia in ASD, vagal nerve stimulation for comorbid epilepsy and ASD, and deep brain stimulation for serious self-injurious behavior. Therapeutic tools are evolving to mechanism-driven treatment. Excitation/Inhibition (E/I) imbalance alters the brain mechanism of information processing and behavioral regulation. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation can stabilize aberrant neuroplasticity by improving E/I balance. These brain stimulation and modulation methods are expected to be used for exploration of the pathophysiology and etiology of ASD and might facilitate the development of a mechanism-driven solution of core domains of ASD in the future.

Keyword

Electroconvulsive Therapy; Vagus Nerve Stimulation; Deep Brain Stimulation; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; Optogenetics

MeSH Terms

Autistic Disorder*
Automatic Data Processing
Brain*
Catatonia
Child
Autism Spectrum Disorder*
Deep Brain Stimulation
Electroconvulsive Therapy
Epilepsy
Interpersonal Relations
Neuronal Plasticity
Optogenetics
Self-Injurious Behavior
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Vagus Nerve Stimulation

Cited by  1 articles

Introduction: Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Dong Hyun Ahn
Hanyang Med Rev. 2016;36(1):1-3.    doi: 10.7599/hmr.2016.36.1.1.


Reference

1. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnosis and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing;2013.
2. Elsabbagh M, Divan G, Koh YJ, Kim YS, Kauchali S, Marcin C, et al. Global prevalence of autism and other pervasive developmental disorders. Autism Res. 2012; 5:160–179.
Article
3. Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network Surveillance Year Principal I, Centers for Disease C, Prevention. Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 years - autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, 11 sites, United States, 2010. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2014; 63:1–21.
4. Lee YJ, Oh SH, Park C, Hong M, Lee AR, Yoo HJ, et al. Advanced pharmacotherapy evidenced by pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci. 2014; 12:19–30.
Article
5. Schlaepfer TE, George MS, Mayberg H, Stimulation WTFoB. WFSBP Guidelines on Brain Stimulation Treatments in Psychiatry. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2010; 11:2–18.
Article
6. Fink M. Meduna and the origins of convulsive therapy. Am J Psychiatry. 1984; 141:1034–1041.
Article
7. Neurological Devices Panel. FDA Executive Summary: Meeting to Discuss the Classification of Electroconvulsive Therapy Devices (ECT) [Internet]. Silver Spring (US): U.S. Food and Drug Administration;c2011. cited 2015 Nov 29. Available from: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/MedicalDevices/MedicalDevicesAdvisoryCommittee/NeurologicalDevicesPanel/UCM240933.pdf/.
8. Wing L, Shah A. Catatonia in autistic spectrum disorders. Br J Psychiatry. 2000; 176:357–362.
Article
9. Ghaziuddin N, Dhossche D, Marcotte K. Retrospective chart review of catatonia in child and adolescent psychiatric patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2012; 125:33–38.
Article
10. Zaw FK, Bates GD, Murali V, Bentham P. Catatonia, autism, and ECT. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1999; 41:843–845.
Article
11. Wachtel LE, Kahng S, Dhossche DM, Cascella N, Reti IM. ECT for catatonia in an autistic girl. Am J Psychiatry. 2008; 165:329–333.
Article
12. Fink M, Taylor MA, Ghaziuddin N. Catatonia in autistic spectrum disorders: a medical treatment algorithm. Int Rev Neurobiol. 2006; 72:233–244.
Article
13. DeJong H, Bunton P, Hare DJ. A systematic review of interventions used to treat catatonic symptoms in people with autistic spectrum disorders. J Autism Dev Disord. 2014; 44:2127–2136.
Article
14. Fosse R, Read J. Electroconvulsive Treatment: Hypotheses about Mechanisms of Action. Front Psychiatry. 2013; 4:94.
Article
15. Okazaki R, Takahashi T, Ueno K, Takahashi K, Ishitobi M, Kikuchi M, et al. Changes in EEG complexity with electroconvulsive therapy in a patient with autism spectrum disorders: a multiscale entropy approach. Front Hum Neurosci. 2015; 9:106.
Article
16. Dhossche DM, Carroll BT, Carroll TD. Is there a common neuronal basis for autism and catatonia? Int Rev Neurobiol. 2006; 72:151–164.
Article
17. George MS, Nahas Z, Lisanby SH, Schlaepfer T, Kozel FA, Greenberg BD. Transcranial magnetic stimulation. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2003; 14:283–301.
Article
18. Ziemann U, Paulus W, Nitsche MA, Pascual-Leone A, Byblow WD, Berardelli A, et al. Consensus: motor cortex plasticity protocols. Brain Stimul. 2008; 1:164–182.
Article
19. Oberman L, Eldaief M, Fecteau S, Ifert-Miller F, Tormos JM, Pascual-Leone A. Abnormal modulation of corticospinal excitability in adults with Asperger's syndrome. Eur J Neurosci. 2012; 36:2782–2788.
Article
20. Jung NH, Janzarik WG, Delvendahl I, Munchau A, Biscaldi M, Mainberger F, et al. Impaired induction of long-term potentiation-like plasticity in patients with high-functioning autism and Asperger syndrome. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2013; 55:83–89.
Article
21. Desarkar P, Rajji TK, Ameis SH, Daskalakis ZJ. Assessing and Stabilizing Aberrant Neuroplasticity in Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Potential Role of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. Front Psychiatry. 2015; 6:124.
Article
22. Courchesne E, Campbell K, Solso S. Brain growth across the life span in autism: age-specific changes in anatomical pathology. Brain Res. 2011; 1380:138–145.
Article
23. Durand CM, Betancur C, Boeckers TM, Bockmann J, Chaste P, Fauchereau F, et al. Mutations in the gene encoding the synaptic scaffolding protein SHANK3 are associated with autism spectrum disorders. Nat Genet. 2007; 39:25–27.
Article
24. Morrow EM, Yoo SY, Flavell SW, Kim TK, Lin Y, Hill RS, et al. Identifying autism loci and genes by tracing recent shared ancestry. Science. 2008; 321:218–223.
Article
25. Gatto CL, Broadie K. Genetic controls balancing excitatory and inhibitory synaptogenesis in neurodevelopmental disorder models. Front Synaptic Neurosci. 2010; 2:4.
Article
26. Casanova MF, Sokhadze E, Opris I, Wang Y, Li X. Autism spectrum disorders: linking neuropathological findings to treatment with transcranial magnetic stimulation. Acta Paediatr. 2015; 104:346–355.
Article
27. Sokhadze EM, El-Baz AS, Sears LL, Opris I, Casanova MF. rTMS neuromodulation improves electrocortical functional measures of information processing and behavioral responses in autism. Front Syst Neurosci. 2014; 8:134.
Article
28. Enticott PG, Fitzgibbon BM, Kennedy HA, Arnold SL, Elliot D, Peachey A, et al. A double-blind, randomized trial of deep repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for autism spectrum disorder. Brain Stimul. 2014; 7:206–211.
Article
29. George MS, Sackeim HA, Rush AJ, Marangell LB, Nahas Z, Husain MM, et al. Vagus nerve stimulation: a new tool for brain research and therapy. Biol Psychiatry. 2000; 47:287–295.
Article
30. Huston JM, Gallowitsch-Puerta M, Ochani M, Ochani K, Yuan R, Rosas-Ballina M, et al. Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation reduces serum high mobility group box 1 levels and improves survival in murine sepsis. Crit Care Med. 2007; 35:2762–2768.
Article
31. The Vagus. A randomized controlled trial of chronic vagus nerve stimulation for treatment of medically intractable seizures. The Vagus Nerve Stimulation Study Group. Neurology. 1995; 45:224–230.
Article
32. Levy ML, Levy KM, Hoff D, Amar AP, Park MS, Conklin JM, et al. Vagus nerve stimulation therapy in patients with autism spectrum disorder and intractable epilepsy: results from the vagus nerve stimulation therapy patient outcome registry. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2010; 5:595–602.
Article
33. Hull MM, Madhavan D, Zaroff CM. Autistic spectrum disorder, epilepsy, and vagus nerve stimulation. Childs Nerv Syst. 2015; 31:1377–1385.
Article
34. Garcia-Oscos F, Pena D, Housini M, Cheng D, Lopez D, Borland MS, et al. Vagal nerve stimulation blocks interleukin 6-dependent synaptic hyperexcitability induced by lipopolysaccharide-induced acute stress in the rodent prefrontal cortex. Brain Behav Immun. 2015; 43:149–158.
Article
35. Sinha S, McGovern RA, Sheth SA. Deep brain stimulation for severe autism: from pathophysiology to procedure. Neurosurg Focus. 2015; 38:E3.
Article
36. Holtzheimer PE, Kelley ME, Gross RE, Filkowski MM, Garlow SJ, Barrocas A, et al. Subcallosal cingulate deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant unipolar and bipolar depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2012; 69:150–158.
Article
37. Hamani C, Pilitsis J, Rughani AI, Rosenow JM, Patil PG, Slavin KS, et al. Deep brain stimulation for obsessive-compulsive disorder: systematic review and evidence-based guideline sponsored by the American Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery and the Congress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS) and endorsed by the CNS and American Association of Neurological Surgeons. Neurosurgery. 2014; 75:327–333. quiz 33
38. Adler BA, Wink LK, Early M, Shaffer R, Minshawi N, McDougle CJ, et al. Drug-refractory aggression, self-injurious behavior, and severe tantrums in autism spectrum disorders: a chart review study. Autism. 2015; 19:102–106.
Article
39. Stocco A, Baizabal-Carvallo JF. Deep brain stimulation for severe secondary stereotypies. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2014; 20:1035–1036.
Article
40. Sturm V, Fricke O, Buhrle CP, Lenartz D, Maarouf M, Treuer H, et al. DBS in the basolateral amygdala improves symptoms of autism and related self-injurious behavior: a case report and hypothesis on the pathogenesis of the disorder. Front Hum Neurosci. 2012; 6:341.
Article
41. Bzdok D, Langner R, Schilbach L, Engemann DA, Laird AR, Fox PT, et al. Segregation of the human medial prefrontal cortex in social cognition. Front Hum Neurosci. 2013; 7:232.
Article
42. Ameis SH, Catani M. Altered white matter connectivity as a neural substrate for social impairment in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Cortex. 2015; 62:158–181.
Article
43. Deisseroth K. Optogenetics. Nat Methods. 2011; 8:26–29.
Article
44. Deisseroth K. Optogenetics and psychiatry: applications, challenges, and opportunities. Biol Psychiatry. 2012; 71:1030–1032.
Article
45. Allsop SA, Vander Weele CM, Wichmann R, Tye KM. Optogenetic insights on the relationship between anxiety-related behaviors and social deficits. Front Behav Neurosci. 2014; 8:241.
Article
46. Rubenstein JL, Merzenich MM. Model of autism: increased ratio of excitation/inhibition in key neural systems. Genes Brain Behav. 2003; 2:255–267.
Article
47. Sohal VS, Zhang F, Yizhar O, Deisseroth K. Parvalbumin neurons and gamma rhythms enhance cortical circuit performance. Nature. 2009; 459:698–702.
Article
48. Yizhar O, Fenno LE, Prigge M, Schneider F, Davidson TJ, O'Shea DJ, et al. Neocortical excitation/inhibition balance in information processing and social dysfunction. Nature. 2011; 477:171–178.
Article
49. Cho KK, Hoch R, Lee AT, Patel T, Rubenstein JL, Sohal VS. Gamma rhythms link prefrontal interneuron dysfunction with cognitive inflexibility in Dlx5/6(+/-) mice. Neuron. 2015; 85:1332–1343.
Article
50. Kim T, Thankachan S, McKenna JT, McNally JM, Yang C, Choi JH, et al. Cortically projecting basal forebrain parvalbumin neurons regulate cortical gamma band oscillations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015; 112:3535–3540.
Article
Full Text Links
  • HMR
Actions
Cited
CITED
export Copy
Close
Share
  • Twitter
  • Facebook
Similar articles
Copyright © 2024 by Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors. All rights reserved.     E-mail: koreamed@kamje.or.kr