Clin Exp Vaccine Res.  2013 Jul;2(2):115-119. 10.7774/cevr.2013.2.2.115.

Long-term immunogenicity of the influenza vaccine at reduced intradermal and full intramuscular doses among healthy young adults

• Song JY
• Cheong HJ
• Noh JY
• Yang TU
• Seo YB
• Hong KW
• Kim IS
• Choi WS
• Kim WJ

• KMID: 2167721
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.7774/cevr.2013.2.2.115

Abstract

PURPOSE
To prepare for vaccine shortages under an influenza pandemic, several antigen-sparing strategies have been investigated. This study was aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity of influenza vaccine at reduced intradermal and full intramuscular dose.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We compared the effect of one-fifth and one-half intradermal doses to the full intramuscular dose on immunogenicity in healthy young adults, using a commercial influenza vaccine. A hemagglutination inhibition assay was used to compare the immunogenicity of the vaccination methods.
RESULTS
The one-fifth intradermal dose (3 microg hemagglutinin antigen, HA) was given to 30 participants, the one-half intradermal dose (7.5 microg HA) was given to 30, and the full intramuscular dose (15 microg HA) was given to 32. No significant differences among injection routes and dosages were seen for seroprotection rate, seroconversion rate, or geometric mean titer (GMT) fold-increase for A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B at around 4 weeks from vaccination. Although GMT for influenza B was significantly lower at six months for the one-fifth intradermal vaccination compared to the full-dose intramuscular vaccination (32.8 vs. 63.2, p=0.048), all three groups met the Evaluation of Medicinal Products (EMA) immunogenicity criteria through 1 to 6 months.
CONCLUSION
Intradermal administration of a one-fifth dose of influenza vaccine elicited antibody responses comparable to the intradermal one-half dose and a conventional intramuscular vaccination at 1 month post-vaccination. The immunogenicity of the one-fifth intradermal dose was sufficient to meet the requirement for the EMA criteria at six months after influenza vaccination.

Keyword

Vaccines; Influenza vaccines; Immunogenicity; Intradermal injections; Adult

MeSH Terms

Adult
Antibody Formation
Hemagglutination
Hemagglutinins
Humans
Influenza Vaccines
Influenza, Human
Injections, Intradermal
Pandemics
Vaccination
Vaccines
Young Adult
Hemagglutinins
Influenza Vaccines
Vaccines

Figure

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  Fig. 1 A total of 96 healthy adults were enrolled in the study and assigned to one of three vaccination regimens, receiving intradermal (ID) one-fifth dose (0.1 mL, 3 ±g hemagglutinin antigen [HA]), ID one-half dose (0.25 mL, 7.5 ±g HA) or intramuscular (IM) full-dose (0.5 mL, 15 ±g HA) vaccination. Immunogenicity was assessed up to six months after vaccination. F/U, follow-up.

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  Fig. 2 Geometric mean titer (GMT) fold-increases were assessed at 1 month post-vaccination (A) and 6 months post-vaccination (B), by hemagglutination inhibition assay.

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