Korean J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg.
2008 Jun;41(3):295-304.
Development of Porcine Pericardial Heterograft for Clinical Application(Microscopic Analysis of Various Fixation Methods)
- Affiliations
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- 1Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Korea.
- 2Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Korea.
- 3Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Sejong General Hospital, Sejong Heart Research Institute, Korea.
- 4Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Korea.
- 5Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Clinical Research Institute, Xenotransplantation Research Center, Korea. kyj@plaza.snu.ac.kr
Abstract
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BACKGROUND: Various experimental trials for the development of bioprosthetic devices are actively underway, secondary to the limited supply of autologous and homograft tissue to treat cardiac diseases. In this study, porcine bioprostheses that were treated with glutaraldehyde (GA), ethanol, or sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) were examined with light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy for mechanical and physical imperfections before implantation.
MATERIAL AND METHOD: 1) Porcine pericardium, aortic valve, and pulmonary valve were examined using light microscopy and JEM-100CX II transmission electron microscopy, then compared with human pericardium and commercially produced heterografts. 2) Sections from six treated groups (GA-Ethanol, Ethanol-GA, SDS only, SDS-GA, Ethanol-SDS-GA and SDS-Ethanol-GA) were observed using the same methods.
RESULT: 1) Porcine pericardium was composed of a serosal layer, fibrosa, and epicardial connective tissue. Treatment with GA, ethanol, or SDS had little influence on the collagen skeleton of porcine pericardium, except in the case of SDS pre-treatment. There was no alteration in the collagen skeleton of the porcine pericardium compared to commercially produced heterografts. 2) Porcine aortic valve was composed of lamina fibrosa, lamina spongiosa, and lamina ventricularis. Treatment with GA, ethanol, or SDS had little influence on these three layers and the collagen skeleton of porcine aortic valve, except in the case of SDS pre-treatment. There were no alterations in the three layers or the collagen skeleton of porcine aortic valve compared to commercially produced heterografts.
CONCLUSION
There was little physical and mechanical damage incurred in porcine bioprosthesis structures during various glutaraldehyde fixation processes combined with anti-calcification or decellularization treatments. However, SDS treatment preceding GA fixation changed the collagen fibers into a slightly condensed form, which degraded during transmission electron micrograph. The optimal methods and conditions for sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) treatment need to be modified.
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