Korean J Anesthesiol.  1999 Apr;36(4):590-594. 10.4097/kjae.1999.36.4.590.

Effect of Ketamine Pretreatment on Injection Pain and Hemodynamic Changes during Anesthesia Induction with Propofol

• Lee SJ
• Kil HY
• Choi YH

• KMID: 2091373
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4097/kjae.1999.36.4.590

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Propofol is useful agents for anesthesia induction and maintenance, but pain on injection and possible hypotension are a commonly encountered problems during induction. Meanwhile, ketamine has potent analgesic and sympathomimetic effect. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of ketamine pretreatment on injection pain and hemodynamic changes during induction with propofol.
METHODS
Premedicated one hundred and twenty ASA physical status I or II patients scheduled for elective surgery were randomly allocated into one of four groups (group 1; propofol only, group 2, 3, 4; pretreatment with 25%, 50%, 75% dose of hypnotic ED50 of ketamine, respectively) groups. Intensity and frequency of injection pain, mean arterial pressure and pulse rate were checked for evaluation of ketamine pretreatment on injection pain and hemodynamic changes during induction with propofol.
RESULTS
Incidence of pain on injection was significantly reduced in group 2,3 and 4 compared with group 1. Group 2 and 3 showed more stable hemodynamic changes than Group 1 and 4.
CONCLUSIONS
25-50% of hypnotic ED50 of ketamine (0.17-0.33 mg/kg) pretreatment reduced pain on injection and hemodynamic changes during propofol induction significantly.

Keyword

Anesthetics, intravenous, ketamine, propofol; Complications, pain, hypotension

MeSH Terms

Anesthesia*
Arterial Pressure
Heart Rate
Hemodynamics*
Humans
Hypotension
Incidence
Ketamine*
Propofol*
Sympathomimetics
Ketamine
Propofol
Sympathomimetics