The Reliability and Validity of the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R) for Nurses for the Assessment of Workplace Bullying

Nam, Woong; Kim, Ji Won; Kim, Yong Kyu; Koo, Jung Wan; Park, Chung Yill

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
This study was conducted to assess the reliability, the validity, the psychological characteristics, and the internal structure of the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R) for nurses for the assessment of the workplace bullying.
METHODS
A total of 190 female nurses who worked in a university hospital and who had participated in an annual health surveillance program were recruited into the study. A structured questionnaire was used to evaluate each participant's workplace bullying, job stress, and psychosocial wellbeing. Workplace bullying was assessed using the negative acts questionnaire-revised (NAQ-R), job stress was assessed using the Korean Occupational Stress Scale-Short Form (KOSS-SF) and psychosocial wellbeing was assessed using the Psychosocial Wellbeing Index-Short Form (PWI-SF). Resulting answers from the questionnaires were analyzed by chi-square, ANOVA, correlation analysis, and factor analysis.
RESULTS
Victims of workplace bullying of nurses in a hospital is 37(19%) based on operational bullying criteria. The Cronbach's alpha for the negative acts questionnaire-revised (NAQ-R) is 0.9260. By exploratory factor analysis, we conclude that 3 factor are most relevant. Criterion validity was satisfied with that a negative acts questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R) resulting in a statistically significant and positive relationship with PWI-SF , construct validity was satisfied with that NAQ-R has statistically significant and high positive correlation with the occupational climate of the KOSS results.
CONCLUSIONS
The negative acts questionnaire-revised (NAQ-R) is a reliable and valid tool for the assessment of workplace bullying in the hospital nurse. By using this tool, we can imply the prevalence of and the condition of workplace bullying among the nurse.