J Bacteriol Virol.  2015 Sep;45(3):228-234. 10.4167/jbv.2015.45.3.228.

The Growth Inhibition Effect on the Bacterial Vaginosis Causative Bacteria by Citric Acid and Trisodium Phosphate

• Yang NW
• Sihn WJ

• KMID: 2068737
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4167/jbv.2015.45.3.228

Abstract

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most frequent vaginal disease being apt to relapse. The growth inhibition effect of the mixture of citric acid (CA) and trisodium phosphate (TSP) on BV causative bacteria and probiotics was measured. Gardnerella vaginalis was reduced to zero in WCCT-1 (CA 0.25% and TSP 0.55% in Wilkins-Chalgren broth), 2.0 x 10(4)/ml in WCCT-2 (CA 0.5% and TSP 0.8% in WC), and 3.3 x 10(3)/ml in WCCT-3 (CA 1.0% and TSP 2.6% in WC) comparing with 1.3 x 10(5)/ml in WC after 48 h. Bacteroides fragilis was reduced to 6.0 x 10(3)/ml in WCCA (CA 0.34% in WC), 2.3 x 10(2)/ml in WCCT (CA 0.5% and TSP 0.2% in WC), 7.0 x 10(3)/ml in WCHCl (HCl in WC) after 48 h. Mobiluncus mulieris was reduced to 1.08 x 10(4)/ml in WCCA, 1.03 x 10(3)/ml in WCCT, and 10 ea/ml in WCHCl after 48 h. Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus was completely inhibited in WCCA, WCCT, and WCHCl after 24 h. Probiotics, Steroidobacter denitrificans YH1 (3.4 x 10(7)/ml) and Lactobacillus crispatus YH2 (2.7 x 10(6)/ml), grew to 1.25 x 10(8)/ml and 2.6 x 10(7)/ml in MRSCA (CA 1.0% in MRS), 1.8 x 10(7)/ml and 4.6 x 10(6)/ml in MRSCT (CA 1.5% and TSP 0.58% in MRS), 1.2 x 10(8)/ml and 2.3 x 10(7)/ml in MRSHCl after 48 h, respectively. These results mean that the CA-TSP mixture can be used as the useful vaginal pH controller, growth inhibitor on BV causative bacteria, and an efficient means for settlement of probiotics.

Keyword

Bacterial vaginosis; Citric acid; Trisodium phosphate; Probiotics

MeSH Terms

Bacteria*
Bacteroides fragilis
Citric Acid*
Gardnerella vaginalis
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Lactobacillus
Mobiluncus
Peptostreptococcus
Probiotics
Recurrence
Vaginal Diseases
Vaginosis, Bacterial*
Citric Acid

Reference

1). Dawson SG, Harris JR. Gardnerella vaginalis and nonspecific vaginitis. Br J Hosp Med. 1983; 29:28–37.

2). Joesoef MR, Schmid G. Bacterial vaginosis. Clin Evid. 2005; 13:1968–78.

3). Sobel JD. Bacterial vaginosis –an ecologic mystery. Ann Intern Med. 1989; 111:551–3.

4). Spiegel CA. Bacterial vaginosis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1991; 485-502.

5). Borchardt KA, Adly BS, Smith RF, Eapen J, Beal CB. Importance of Gardnerella vaginalis as an aetiological agent in bacterial vaginosis. Genitourin Med. 1989; 65:285.

6). Sihn WJ, Yang NW. The growth inhibition effect on the causative bacteria of bacterial vaginosis by bacterial strains isolated from the vagina of a healthy woman. J Bacteriol Virol. 2014; 44:244–51.

7). Yang NW, Lim Y, Sin SH. Drug-resistant profiles of clinical isolates of Gardnerella vaginalis on Columbia agar base supplemented with human erythrocyte lysate and horse serum. Infect chemother. 2003; 35:86–90.

8). Yang NW, Kim JM, Choi GJ, Jang SJ. Development and evaluation of the quick anaero-system: A new disposable anaerobic culture system. Korean J Lab Med. 2010; 30:133–7.

9). Hillier SL, Nugent RP, Eschenbach DA, Krohn MA, Gibbs RS, Martin DH, et al. Association between bacterial vaginosis and preterm delivery of a low-birth-weight infant. The vaginal infections and prematurity study group. N Engl J Med. 1995; 333:1737–42.

10). Watts DH, Eschenbach DA, Kenny GE. Early postpartum endometritis: the role of bacteria, genital mycoplasmas, and Chlamydia trachomatis. Obstet Gynecol. 1989; 73:52–60.

11). Mania-Pramanik J, Kerkar SC, Salvi VS. Bacterial vaginosis: a cause of infertility? Int J STD AIDS. 2009; 20:778–81.

12). Menard JP, Mazouni C, Salem-Cherif I, Fenollar F, Raoult D, Boubli L, et al. High vaginal concentrations of Atopobium vaginae and Gardnerella vaginalis in women undergoing preterm labor. Obstet Gynecol. 2010; 115:134–40.

13). Atassi F, Brassart D, Grob P, Graf F, Servin AL. Lactobacillus strains isolated from the vaginal microbiota of healthy women inhibit Prevotella bivia and Gardnerella vaginalis in coculture and cell culture. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2006; 48:424–32.

14). Skarin A, Sylwan J. Vaginal lactobacilli inhibiting growth of Gardnerella vaginalis, Mobiluncus and other bacterial species cultured from vaginal content of women with bacterial vaginosis. Acta Pathol Microbial Immunol Scand B. 1986; 94:399–403.

15). Sethi S, Das A, Sharma M. Inhibition of Gardnerella vaginalis by lactobacilli. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2006; 93:158–9.

16). Anukam KC, Osazuwa E, Osemene GI, Ehigiagbe F, Bruce AW, Reid G. Clinical study comparing probiotic Lactobacillus GR-1 and RC-14 with metronidazole vaginal gel to treat symptomatic bacterial vaginosis. Microbes Infect. 2006; 8:2772–6.

17). Saunders S, Bocking A, Challis J, Reid G. Effect of Lactobacillus challenge on Gardnerella vaginalis biofilms. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2007; 55:138–42.

18). Machado A, Jefferson KK, Cerca N. Interactions between Lactobacillus crispatus and bacterial vaginosis (BV)-associated bacterial species in initial attachment and biofilm formation. Int J Mol Sci. 2013; 14:12004–12.

19). Ray B, Sandine WE. Acetic, propionic, and lactic acids of starter culture bacteria as biopreservatives. Ray B., Baeschel M., editorsBoca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press;1991.

20). Capita R, Alonso-Calleja C, Prieto M, García-Fernández Mdel C, Moreno B. Effectiveness of trisodium phosphate against Listeria monocytogenes on excised and non-excised chicken skin. J Food Prot. 2003; 66:61–4.

21). Ismail SA, Dea T, Abd El-Rahman H, Yassien MA, Beuchat LR. Effectiveness of immersion treatments with acids, trisodium phosphate, and herb decoctions in reducing populations of Yarrowia lipolytica and naturally occurring aerobic microorganisms on raw chicken. Int J Food Microbiol. 2001; 64:13–9.