J Korean Neurosurg Soc.  2015 Jul;58(1):14-21. 10.3340/jkns.2015.58.1.14.

The Effect of Early Intervention and Rehabilitation in the Expression of Aquaporin-4; and Ultrastructure Changes on Rat's Offspring's Damaged Brain Caused by Intrauterine Infection

• Rajesh K
• Xiaojie L
• Xiangying

• KMID: 2067099
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3340/jkns.2015.58.1.14

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To study the effect of early intervention and rehabilitation in the expression of aquaporin-4 and ultrastructure changes on cerebral palsy pups model induced by intrauterine infection.
METHODS
20 pregnant Wistar rats were consecutively injected with lipopolysaccharide intraperitoneally. 60 Pups born from lipopolysaccharide group were randomly divided into intervention group (n=30) and non-intervention group (n=30); intervention group further divided into early intervention and rehabilitation group (n=10), acupuncture group (n=10) and consolidate group (n=10). Another 5 pregnant rats were injected with normal saline intraperitoneally; 30 pups born from the normal saline group were taken as control group. The intervention group received early intervention, rehabilitation and acupuncture treatment. The motor functions of all pups were assessed via suspension test and modified BBB locomotor score. Aquaporin-4 expression in brain tissue was studied through immunohistochemical and western-blot analysis. Ultrastructure changes in damaged brain and control group were studied electron-microscopically.
RESULTS
The scores of suspension test and modified BBB locomotor test were significantly higher in the control group than the intervention and non intervention group (p<0.01); higher in the intervention group than the non-intervention group (p<0.01). The expression of Aquaporin-4 was lower in intervention and non intervention group than in the control group (p<0.01); also lower in non-intervention group than the intervention group (p<0.01). Marked changes were observed in ultrastructure of cortex and hippocampus CAI in brain damaged group.
CONCLUSION
Early intervention and rehabilitation training can improve the motor function in offspring with brain injury and reduce the expression of aquaporin-4 in damaged brain.

Keyword

Early intervention; Rehabilitation; Brain injury; Intrauterine infection; AQP4; Ultrastructure

MeSH Terms

Acupuncture
Animals
Brain Injuries
Brain*
Cerebral Palsy
Early Intervention (Education)*
Hippocampus
Rats
Rats, Wistar
Rehabilitation*

Figure

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  Fig. 1 Immunohistochemical analysis of expression of AQP4 in brain tissue of pups from control group (×400). Arrow indicates the AQP4 positive cell. AQP4 : aquaporin-4.

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  Fig. 2 Immunohistochemical analysis of expression of AQP4 in brain tissue of pups from consolidate group (×400). Arrow indicates the AQP4 positive cell. AQP4 : aquaporin-4.

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  Fig. 3 Immunohistochemical analysis of expression of AQP4 in brain tissue of pups from EI&R group (×400). Arrow indicates the AQP4 positive cell. AQP4 : aquaporin-4.

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  Fig. 4 Immunohistochemical analysis of expression of AQP4 in brain tissue of pups from acupuncture group (×400). Arrow indicates the AQP4 positive cell. AQP4 : aquaporin-4.

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  Fig. 5 Immunohistochemical analysis of expression of AQP4 in brain tissue of pups from non treatment group (×400). Arrow indicates the AQP4 positive cell. AQP4 : aquaporin-4.

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  Fig. 6 Western blot analysis of the expression of AQP4 in brain tissue of pups from different groups. Expression of AQP-4 protein is slightly decreased in consolidate group, further decreased in EI&R group and acupuncture group. The expression is markedly decreased in non-intervention group. Lane A : Control group, Lane B : Consolidate group, Lane C : EI&R group, Lane D : Acupuncture group, Lane E : Non-intervention group. AQP4 : aquaporin-4.

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  Fig. 7 A : Ultra structure study of hippocampus CAl of pups from the control group. B : Ultra structure study of cortex of pups from the control group. In A and B the structure of synapses is clear and intact, many synaptic vesicles were seen in the presynaptic membrane, the postsynaptic density was thick (black arrow). C : Ultra structure study of hippocampus CAl of the brain damaged group. D : Ultra structure study of cortex of the brain damaged group. In C and D the structural of synapses is unclear, the neurons and synapses were significantly reduced, and also the thickness and the activity length of postsynaptic density reduced, the synaptic vesicles were dissolved and became vacuolize (black arrow). CAl : cornus ammonis I.

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