J Korean Assoc Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg.  2007 Sep;29(5):456-462.

Bisphosphonate, is it an emerging risk factor in oral surgery?

• Kwon YD
• Yoon BW
• Walter C

Abstract

Since the first description of bisphosphonate related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) in 2002, the number of report on the disease has rapidly been increasing. Now, BRONJ is considered as a new entity, which is emerging problem in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Bisphosphonates (BPs) can be categorized into 2 groups: nitrogen-containing and non-nitrogen containing, and nitrogen-containing BPs are considered to have more efficacy and toxicity possibly. It is unusual for osteonecrosis to occur in the maxilla but BRONJ is found in both the mandible and the maxilla, which is one of the special features of BRONJ compared with common infectious osteomyelitis of the jaws. Intravenous BPs are usually more likely to cause BRONJ than oral BPs which are frequently prescribed for osteoporosis and osteopenia. Nonetheless, the use of intravenous BPs cannot be prevented because of systemic condition of the patients. Although it is rare that oral BPs cause BRONJ in osteoporosis/osteopenia patients, we should be aware of BRONJ since the population of the patients is exceedingly increasing with the prolonging of life expectancy. So, we'd like to enlighten upon the problems and solutions of BRONJ.

Keyword

Bisphosphonate; Osteonecrosis

MeSH Terms

Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaw
Bone Diseases, Metabolic
Diphosphonates
Humans
Jaw
Life Expectancy
Mandible
Maxilla
Osteomyelitis
Osteonecrosis
Osteoporosis
Risk Factors*
Surgery, Oral*
Diphosphonates