Gut Liver.  2010 Sep;4(Suppl 1):S76-S81.

EUS-Guided Antitumor Therapy for Pancreatic Tumors

• Seo DW

Abstract

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is a very useful modality for the diagnosis and staging of pancreatic masses. With the advent of EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration technology, this modality has made a tremendous leap from imaging modality to histologic diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. EUS offers high-resolution images of and unparalleled access to the pancreas. After locating the tip of the echoendoscope in the duodenum or stomach, several drugs or local treatment modalities can be delivered directly into the pancreas. EUS-guided ethanol lavage with/without paclitaxel injection has been tested for the treatment of cystic tumors of the pancreas, with complete resolution of cystic tumor being observed in up to 70-80% of patients. Ethanol injection is also performed for the management of solid neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas. Various type of EUS-guided injection have also been investigated for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. An activated allogenic mixed lymphocyte culture (Cytoimplant) was injected in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. A replication-deficient adenovirus vector carrying the tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene was also delivered intratumorally by EUS. ONYX-015 is an oncolytic attenuated adenovirus that exhibits replication preferentially in malignant cells, causing cell death, and this has also been injected into pancreatic cancers under EUS guidance. EUS-guided local ablation therapies such as radiofrequency ablation, photodynamic therapy, and brachytherapy are also under investigation. EUS-guided fine-needle injection for various solid or cystic lesions is a rapidly expanding field. This article reviews the various applications of EUS for the treatment of pancreatic tumors.

Keyword

Endoscopic ultrasonography; Pancreas cancer; Cystic tumor; Radiofrequency ablation; Photodynamic therapy; Brachytherapy; Cytoimplant; Immunotherapy

MeSH Terms

Adenoviridae
Biopsy, Fine-Needle
Brachytherapy
Cell Death
Duodenum
Endosonography
Ethanol
Humans
Immunotherapy
Lifting
Lymphocytes
Neuroendocrine Tumors
Paclitaxel
Pancreas
Pancreatic Neoplasms
Photochemotherapy
Stomach
Therapeutic Irrigation
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
Viral Vaccines
Ethanol
Paclitaxel
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
Viral Vaccines