Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab.  2013 Jun;18(2):65-70. 10.6065/apem.2013.18.2.65.

Comparison of the prevalence of islet autoantibodies according to age and disease duration in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus

• Kong YH
• Kim MS
• Lee DY

• KMID: 2047463
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.6065/apem.2013.18.2.65

Abstract

PURPOSE
This study investigated the prevalence of islet autoantibodies in children and adults with T1DM according to their age and the duration of disease.
METHODS
We measured the levels of islet autoantibodies, including antiglutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (anti-GAD Ab), and combined these with anthropometric measurements and laboratory tests of 137 patients newly diagnosed with T1DM during the last 20 years. The subjects were subdivided into four groups according to their age at the onset of the disease. We then compared the prevalence of islet autoantibodies in the different age groups with the duration of disease.
RESULTS
Among the 137 patients, 68.9% tested positive for islet autoantibodies (71.4% within 1 year; 67.7% after 1 year of the disease onset). Within 1 year of the onset of the disease, 66.3% of the patients were positive for the anti-GAD Ab, and 35.6% were positive for IAAs. The prevalence of islet autoantibodies was significantly higher in the prepubertal groups than in the postpubertal groups (80.0% vs. 58.3%). The rate of positive islet autoantibodies changed with the duration of disease, and it differed according to the type of autoantibody and the age of the patient.
CONCLUSION
The rates of positive islet autoantibodies were significantly higher in younger than in older patients at the time of the diagnosis of the disease. The positive rates were significantly changed 1 year after the onset of the disease in the preschool and the children groups. So these findings suggest that we need to diagnose type 1B diabetes distinguished T2DM in aldolescent group, carefully.

Keyword

Islet autoantibody; Type 1 diabetes mellitus; Glutamic acid decarboxylase; Insulin autoantibody

MeSH Terms

Adult
Autoantibodies
Child
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
Glutamate Decarboxylase
Humans
Prevalence
Autoantibodies
Glutamate Decarboxylase

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Comparison of mean insulin autoantibody (IAA) mean levels among the each age groups in patients with type 1 diabetes diagnosed within 1 year of onset. *,†Statistical significances were tested by one way analysis of variances among groups. The same markers indicate nonsignificant difference between groups based on Duncan multiple comparison test.

• 

  Fig. 2 Prevalence rate (%) of antiglutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody in patients with type 1 diabetes diagnosed within 1 year and after 1 year of onset. *The marker indicates statistical significant difference between groups diagnosed within 1 year and after 1 year of onset. Statistical significances were tested by independent two-sample t test between groups.

• 

  Fig. 3 Prevalence rate (%) of insulin autoantibody (IAA). The first group patients studied IAA within one year after diagnosis of type 1 diabetes. And the second group patients studied after one year. *The marker indicates statistical significant difference between groups diagnosed within 1 year and after 1 year. Statistical significances were tested by independent two-sample t test between groups.

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