J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg.  2014 Oct;40(5):220-224. 10.5125/jkaoms.2014.40.5.220.

Assessment of interleukin-1beta and interleukin-6 in the crevicular fluid around healthy implants, implants with peri-implantitis, and healthy teeth: a cross-sectional study

• Yaghobee S
• Khorsand A
• Rasouli Ghohroudi AA
• Sanjari K
• Kadkhodazadeh M

• KMID: 2005451
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5125/jkaoms.2014.40.5.220

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to assess and compare the levels of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the crevicular fluid around healthy implants, implants with peri-implantitis, and healthy teeth.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study evaluated 16 dental implants in 8 patients (4 males and 4 females). These patients had at least one healthy implant and one implant with peri-implantitis next to healthy teeth. The crevicular fluid was collected using absorbent cones and transferred to the laboratory. Specimens were evaluated by ELISA for interleukin levels. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni tests (P<0.05).
RESULTS
Levels of IL-1beta in the crevicular fluid around implants with peri-implantitis were significantly higher than around healthy implants (P=0.002); the latter was significantly higher than around healthy teeth (P=0.015). A significant difference was found in the level of IL-6 in the crevicular fluid around implants with peri-implantitis and healthy implants (P=0.049) and also between implants with peri-implantitis and healthy teeth (P<0.001).
CONCLUSION
Within the limitations of this study, significant differences exist in the levels of IL-1beta and IL-6 in the crevicular fluid of implants with peri-implantitis, healthy implants, and healthy teeth. More studies with larger sample sizes in different populations are necessary.

Keyword

Dental implants; Peri-implantitis; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-6; Gingival crevicular fluid

MeSH Terms

Cross-Sectional Studies*
Dental Implants
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Gingival Crevicular Fluid
Humans
Interleukin-1beta*
Interleukin-6*
Interleukins
Male
Peri-Implantitis*
Sample Size
Tooth*
Dental Implants
Interleukin-1beta
Interleukin-6
Interleukins

Reference

1. Abrishami MR, Sabour S, Nasiri M, Amid R, Kadkhodazadeh M. Comparison of the reproducibility of results of a new peri-implantitis assessment system (implant success index) with the Misch classification. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2014; 40:61–67. PMID: 24868502.

2. Roos-Jansåker AM, Lindahl C, Renvert H, Renvert S. Nine- to fourteen-year follow-up of implant treatment. Part II: presence of peri-implant lesions. J Clin Periodontol. 2006; 33:290–295. PMID: 16553638.

3. Ata-Ali J, Flichy-Fernandez AJ, Ata-Ali F, Penarrocha-Diago M, Penarrocha-Diago M. Clinical, microbiologic, and host response characteristics in patients with peri-implant mucositis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2013; 28:883–890. PMID: 23748323.

4. Petković AB, Matić SM, Stamatović NV, Vojvodić DV, Todorović TM, Lazić ZR, et al. Proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta and TNF-alpha) and chemokines (IL-8 and MIP-1alpha) as markers of peri-implant tissue condition. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010; 39:478–485. PMID: 20207110.

5. Sanz M, Chapple IL. Working Group 4 of the VIII European Workshop on Periodontology. Clinical research on peri-implant diseases: consensus report of Working Group 4. J Clin Periodontol. 2012; 39(Suppl 12):202–206. PMID: 22533957.

6. Greenstein G, Caton J. Periodontal disease activity: a critical assessment. J Periodontol. 1990; 61:543–552. PMID: 2213463.

7. Dennison DK, Van Dyke TE. The acute inflammatory response and the role of phagocytic cells in periodontal health and disease. Periodontol 2000. 1997; 14:54–78. PMID: 9567966.

8. Okada H, Murakami S. Cytokine expression in periodontal health and disease. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 1998; 9:248–266. PMID: 9715365.

9. Panagakos FS, Aboyoussef H, Dondero R, Jandinski JJ. Detection and measurement of inflammatory cytokines in implant crevicular fluid: a pilot study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1996; 11:794–799. PMID: 8990643.

10. Stashenko P, Fujiyoshi P, Obernesser MS, Prostak L, Haffajee AD, Socransky SS. Levels of interleukin 1 beta in tissue from sites of active periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol. 1991; 18:548–554. PMID: 1894750.

11. Ataoglu H, Alptekin NO, Haliloglu S, Gursel M, Ataoglu T, Serpek B, et al. Interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels and neutrophil elastase activity in peri-implant crevicular fluid. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2002; 13:470–476. PMID: 12453123.

12. Kadkhodazadeh M, Esfahrood ZR, Amid R, Zarnegarnia P. Comparison of the acceptability of a new scoring system with Misch's classification for dental implant success determination. J Long Term Eff Med Implants. 2012; 22:85–93. PMID: 23016792.

13. Griffiths GS, Curtis MA, Wilton JM. Selection of a filter paper with optimum properties for the collection of gingival crevicular fluid. J Periodontal Res. 1988; 23:33–38. PMID: 2963902.

14. Page RC. Host response tests for diagnosing periodontal diseases. J Periodontol. 1992; 63(4 Suppl):356–366. PMID: 1573549.

15. Casado PL, Canullo L, de Almeida Filardy A, Granjeiro JM, Barboza EP, Leite Duarte ME. Interleukins 1β and 10 expressions in the periimplant crevicular fluid from patients with untreated periimplant disease. Implant Dent. 2013; 22:143–150. PMID: 23459153.

16. Nowzari H, Botero JE, DeGiacomo M, Villacres MC, Rich SK. Microbiology and cytokine levels around healthy dental implants and teeth. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2008; 10:166–173. PMID: 18218050.

17. Murata M, Tatsumi J, Kato Y, Suda S, Nunokawa Y, Kobayashi Y, et al. Osteocalcin, deoxypyridinoline and interleukin-1beta in peri-implant crevicular fluid of patients with peri-implantitis. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2002; 13:637–643. PMID: 12519339.

18. Melo RF, Lopes BM, Shibli JA, Marcantonio E Jr, Marcantonio RA, Galli GM. Interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 expression and gene polymorphisms in subjects with peri-implant disease. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2012; 14:905–914. PMID: 21414132.

19. Stashenko P, Dewhirst FE, Peros WJ, Kent RL, Ago JM. Synergistic interactions between interleukin 1, tumor necrosis factor, and lymphotoxin in bone resorption. J Immunol. 1987; 138:1464–1468. PMID: 3492553.

20. Preiss DS, Meyle J. Interleukin-1 beta concentration of gingival crevicular fluid. J Periodontol. 1994; 65:423–428. PMID: 8046557.

21. Zhong Y, Slade GD, Beck JD, Offenbacher S. Gingival crevicular fluid interleukin-1beta, prostaglandin E2 and periodontal status in a community population. J Clin Periodontol. 2007; 34:285–293. PMID: 17378884.

22. Güncü GN, Akman AC, Günday S, Yamalık N, Berker E. Effect of inflammation on cytokine levels and bone remodelling markers in peri-implant sulcus fluid: a preliminary report. Cytokine. 2012; 59:313–316. PMID: 22592038.

23. Yaghobee S, Khorsand A, Paknejad M. Comparison of interleukin-1β levels in gingival crevicular fluid and peri-implant crevicular fluid and its relationship with clinical indexes. J Dent (Tehran). 2013; 10:1–9. PMID: 23724197.

24. Liskmann S, Vihalemm T, Salum O, Zilmer K, Fischer K, Zilmer M. Correlations between clinical parameters and interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 levels in saliva from totally edentulous patients with peri-implant disease. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2006; 21:543–550. PMID: 16955604.

25. Konttinen YT, Lappalainen R, Laine P, Kitti U, Santavirta S, Teronen O. Immunohistochemical evaluation of inflammatory mediators in failing implants. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2006; 26:135–141. PMID: 16642902.

26. Mengel R, Stelzel M, Hasse C, Flores-de-Jacoby L. Osseointegrated implants in patients treated for generalized severe adult periodontitis. An interim report. J Periodontol. 1996; 67:782–787. PMID: 8866317.