Korean J Anesthesiol.  1989 Dec;22(6):953-957. 10.4097/kjae.1989.22.6.953.

A Unilateral Blockade Following Caudal Anesthesia for Hemorrhoidectomy

• Lee SK

• KMID: 1933770
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4097/kjae.1989.22.6.953

Abstract

The anesthetic management of patients with pheochromocytoma presents many difficult problems, such as hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, and hypotension. A 21 year-old male underwent resection of pheochromocytoma under general anesthesia with isoflurane and fentanyl. Hypertensive crisis during induction of anesthesia and surgical manipulation of the tumor were managed with phentolamine and sodium nitroprusside drips. Anesthesia was maintained wtih nitrous oxide : oxygen, 50% : 50%, isoflurane, 0.5-2% and supplemented with fractional doses of fentanyl and vecuronium for muscular relaxation. We also used propranolol for the cardiac arrhythmia. An endotracheal semi-closed circle absorption technique with controlled ventilation was employed. Fentanyl does not release histamine, and has stable hemodynamics. Isoflurane has also advocated on the grounds that arrhythmias are less esaily provocated by circulating catecholamines than with other volatile agents, and has been shown to be a satisfactory agent. Vecuronium does not provoke catecholamine release, does not release histamine, has no autonomic effects at clinical plasma concentrations, and is clearly the neuromuscular blocking agent of choice in this case. Optimal pre-operative preparation, smooth induction of anesthesia, adequate alveolar ventilation, proper cardiovascular control, and good communication between surgeon and anesthesiologist are most important for the anesthetic management of pheochromocytoma.

Keyword

Regional anesthesia: Caudal block; Unilateral blockade; Hemcanesthesia

MeSH Terms

Absorption
Anesthesia
Anesthesia, Caudal*
Anesthesia, General
Arrhythmias, Cardiac
Autonomic Agents
Catecholamines
Fentanyl
Hemodynamics
Hemorrhoidectomy*
Histamine
Humans
Hypertension
Hypotension
Isoflurane
Male
Neuromuscular Blockade
Nitroprusside
Nitrous Oxide
Oxygen
Phentolamine
Pheochromocytoma
Plasma
Propranolol
Relaxation
Vecuronium Bromide
Ventilation
Young Adult
Autonomic Agents
Catecholamines
Fentanyl
Histamine
Isoflurane
Nitroprusside
Nitrous Oxide
Oxygen
Phentolamine
Propranolol
Vecuronium Bromide